Now in its fourth edition, this classic work clearly and concisely introduces the subject of logic and its applications. The first part of the book explains the basic concepts and principles which make up the elements of logic. The author demonstrates that these ideas are found in all branches of mathematics, and that logical laws are constantly applied in mathematical reasoning. The second part of the book shows the applications of logic in mathematical theory building with concrete examples that draw upon the concepts and principles presented in the first section. Numerous exercises and an...

This work is a sequel to the author's Godel's Incompleteness Theorems, though it can be read independently by anyone familiar with Godel's incompleteness theorem for Peano arithmetic. The book deals mainly with those aspects of recursion theory that have applications to the metamathematics of incompleteness, undecidability, and related topics. It is both an introduction to the theory and a presentation of new results in the field.

Per Martin-Lof's work on the development of constructive type theory has had a tremendous impact on the fields of logic and the foundations of mathematics. It also has broader philosophical significance and important applications in areas such as computing science and linguistics. This volume draws together contributions from researchers whose work builds on the theory developed by Martin-Lof over the last twenty-five years. As well as celebrating the anniversary of the birth of the subject it covers many of the diverse fields which are now influenced by type theory. It is an invaluable...

Change, Choice and Inference develops logical theories that are necessary both for the understanding of adaptable human reasoning and for the design of intelligent systems. The book shows that reasoning processes - the drawing on inferences and changing one's beliefs - can be viewed as belonging to the realm of practical reason by embedding logical theories into the broader context of the theory of rational choice. The book unifies lively and significant strands of research in logic, philosophy, economics and artificial intelligence. It elaborates on the relevant theories and provides a...

Modern applications of logic in mathematics, computer science, and linguistics require combined systems composed of different types of logic working together. In this book the author offers a basic methodology for combining--or fibring--systems. The technique shows how to break complex systems into simple components which can be easily manipulated and recombined.

The book covers elementary aspects of category theory and topos theory for graduate students in mathematics, computer science, and logic; it has few mathematical prerequisites, and uses categorical methods throughout, rather than beginning with set theoretical foundations. Working with key concepts such as Cartesian closedness, adjunctions, regular categories, and the internal logic of a topos, the book features full statements and elementary proofs for the central theorems, including the fundamental theorem of toposes, the sheafification theorem, and the construction of Grothendieck toposes...

This book is a specialized monograph on the development of the mathematical and computational metatheory of reductive logic and proof-search including proof-theoretic, semantic/model-theoretic and algorithmic aspects. The scope ranges from the conceptual background to reductive logic, through its mathematical metatheory, to its modern applications in the computational sciences.

This comprehensive text demonstrates how various notions of logic can be viewed as notions of universal algebra. It is aimed primarily at logisticians in mathematics, philosophy, computer science and linguistics with an interest in algebraic logic, but is also accessible to those from a non-logistics background. The premise of the text is that standard algebraic results (representations) translate into standard logical results (completeness) and it identifies classes of algebras appropriate for classical and non-classical logic studies, including: gaggles, distributoids, partial- gaggles, and...

It is a fact of modern scientific thought that there is an enormous variety of logical systems - such as classical logic, intuitionist logic, temporal logic, and Hoare logic, to name but a few - which have originated in the areas of mathematical logic and computer science. In this book the author presents a systematic study of this rich harvest of logics via Tarski's well-known axiomatization of the notion of logical consequence. New and sometimes unorthodox treatments are given of the underlying principles and construction of many-valued logics, the logic of inexactness, effective logics,...

Cantor's ideas formed the basis for set theory and also for the mathematical treatment of the concept of infinity. The philosophical and heuristic framework he developed had a lasting effect on modern mathematics, and is the recurrent theme of this volume. Hallett explores Cantor's ideas and, in particular, their ramifications for Zermelo-Frankel set theory.