Following the pattern of the Internet growth in popularity, started in the early 1990s, the current unprecedented expansion of wireless technology promises to have an even greater effect on how people communicate and interact, with considerable socio-economic impact all over the world. The driving force behind this growth is the remarkable progress in component miniaturization, integration, and also devel- ments in waveforms, coding, and communication protocols. Besides established infrastructurebased wireless networks (cellular, WLAN, sat- lite) ad-hoc wireless networks emerge as a new...

The huge bandwidth of optical fiber was recognized back in the 1970s during the early development of fiber optic technology. For the last two decades, the capacity of experimental and deployed systems has been increasing at a rate of 100-fold each decade-a rate exceeding the increase of integrated circuit speeds. Today, optical communication in the public communication networks has developed from the status of a curiosity into being the dominant technology. Various great challenges arising from the deployment of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) have attracted a lot of efforts from...

Combinatorics and Matrix Theory have a symbiotic, or mutually beneficial, relationship. This relationship is discussed in my paper The symbiotic relationship of combinatorics and matrix theoryl where I attempted to justify this description. One could say that a more detailed justification was given in my book with H. J. Ryser entitled Combinatorial Matrix Theon? where an attempt was made to give a broad picture of the use of combinatorial ideas in matrix theory and the use of matrix theory in proving theorems which, at least on the surface, are combinatorial in nature. In the book by Liu and...

Introduction The exponential scaling of feature sizes in semiconductor technologies has side-effects on layout optimization, related to effects such as inter connect delay, noise and crosstalk, signal integrity, parasitics effects, and power dissipation, that invalidate the assumptions that form the basis of previous design methodologies and tools. This book is intended to sample the most important, contemporary, and advanced layout opti mization problems emerging with the advent of very deep submicron technologies in semiconductor processing. We hope that it will stimulate more people to...

It has been stated in psychology that human brain arranges information in a way that improves efficiency in performing common tasks, for example, information about our spatial environment is conveniently structured for efficient route finding. On the other hand, in computational sciences, the use of hierarchical information is well known for reducing the complexity of solving problems. This book studies hierarchical representations of large-scale space and presents a new model, called Multi-AH-graph, that uses multiple hierarchies of abstraction. It allows an agent to represent structural...

Along with the explosive growth of network traffic, multiwavelength optical networks are believed to be the new technology that will support the ever-increasing bandwidth demands and will be the backbone for the next generation of the Internet.
Multiwavelength Optical Networks systematically studies the major research issues in WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) optical networks, such as routing and wavelength assignment, QoS multicast routing, design of logical topologies, and placement of wavelength converters. The book consists of two parts. The first part studies...

In the spectrum of mathematics, graph theory which studies a mathe matical structure on a set of elements with a binary relation, as a recognized discipline, is a relative newcomer. In recent three decades the exciting and rapidly growing area of the subject abounds with new mathematical devel opments and significant applications to real-world problems. More and more colleges and universities have made it a required course for the senior or the beginning postgraduate students who are majoring in mathematics, computer science, electronics, scientific management and others. This book provides...

N etwork-based computing domain unifies all best research efforts presented from single computer systems to networked systems to render overwhelming computational power for several modern day applications. Although this power is expected to grow with respect to time due to tech nological advancements, application requirements impose a continuous thrust on network utilization and on the resources to deliver supreme quality of service. Strictly speaking, network-based computing dornain has no confined scope and each element offers considerable challenges. Any modern day networked application...

Clustering is an important technique for discovering relatively dense sub-regions or sub-spaces of a multi-dimension data distribution. Clus tering has been used in information retrieval for many different purposes, such as query expansion, document grouping, document indexing, and visualization of search results. In this book, we address issues of cluster ing algorithms, evaluation methodologies, applications, and architectures for information retrieval. The first two chapters discuss clustering algorithms. The chapter from Baeza-Yates et al. describes a clustering method for a general...

Since the outstanding and pioneering research work of Hopfield on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in the early 80s of the last century, neural networks have rekindled strong interests in scientists and researchers. Recent years have recorded a remarkable advance in research and development work on RNNs, both in theoretical research as weIl as actual applications. The field of RNNs is now transforming into a complete and independent subject. From theory to application, from software to hardware, new and exciting results are emerging day after day, reflecting the keen interest RNNs have...