A comprehensive review of current knowledge of the deep-water fishes of the North Atlantic and their exploitation. Individual countries and research institutions have carried out their own investigations and surveys in the past, but these results have rarely been coordinated, nor has there been a proper sharing of results and data. But there is a need to assess the total size of the deep-water stocks and the extent to which they can safely be exploited. The book also contains a number of papers describing present and past research and the present exploitation of resources, together...

Experts in rheology and polymer processing present up-to-date, fundamental and applied information on the rheological properties of polymers, in particular those relevant to processing, contributing to the physical understanding and the mathematical modelling of polymer processing sequences.
Basic concepts of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, micro-rheological modelling and constitutive modelling are reviewed, and rheological measurements are described. Topics with practical relevance are debated, such as linear viscoelasticity, converging and diverging flows, and the rheology of...

Heterogeneous catalysis provides the backbone of the world's chemical and oil industries. The innate complexity of practical catalytic systems suggests that useful progress should be achievable by investigating key aspects of catalysis by experimental studies on idealised model systems. Thin films and supported clusters are two promising types of model system that can be used for this purpose, since they mimic important aspects of the properties of practical dispersed catalysts. Similarly, appropriate theoretical studies of chemisorption and surface reaction clusters or extended slab systems...

This book contains most of the contributions presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nanowires, held at La Cristalera Residence Hall, Miraflores, Spain, from 23 through September 27, 1996. The workshop was co-directed by P. A. Serena and U. Landman. More than forty scientists from ten countries of Europe, the United States, and Japan attended this meeting and contributed with brilliant talks and stimulating discusions about their recent works. A total of thirty-three oral communications were given, covering the main part of topics related with the subject of the workshop. On one...

Ongoing developments in nanofabrication technology and the availability of novel materials have led to the emergence and evolution of new topics for mesoscopic research, including scanning-tunnelling microscopic studies of few-atom metallic clusters, discrete energy level spectroscopy, the prediction of Kondo-type physics in the transport properties of quantum dots, time dependent effects, and the properties of interacting systems, e.g. of Luttinger liquids. The overall understanding of each of these areas is still incomplete; nevertheless, with the foundations laid by studies in the more...

Cold-plasma modification of polymers and deposition of thin polymer fIlms is a branch of science characterised by an increasing popularity in the last few years for the targe number of new industrial processes which have been realised by its application. Most plasma scientists can attest this through their everyday experience: many technologists, independently of the size of their company address demands for new products in e. g. electronics, automotive components, optics, food and pharmaceutical packaging, biomedical and surgical equipments, etc. The unique common need of this variety of...

The re-emergent field of quantitative electron crystallography is described by some of its most eminent practitioners. They describe the theoretical framework for electron scattering, specimen preparation, experimental techniques for optimum data collection, the methodology of structure analysis and refinement, and a range of applications to inorganic materials (including minerals), linear polymers, small organic molecules (including those used in nonlinear optical devices), incommensurately modulated structures (including superconductors), alloys, and integral membrane proteins. The...

Dry granular materials, such as sand, sugar and powders, can be poured into a container like a liquid and can also form a pile, resisting gravity like a solid, which is why they can be regarded as a fourth state of matter, neither solid nor liquid.
This book focuses on defining the physics of dry granular media in a systematic way, providing a collection of articles written by recognised experts. The physics of this field is new and full of challenges, but many questions (such as kinetic theories, plasticity, continuum and discrete modelling) also require the strong participation of...

Structure-Based Drug Design brings together scientists working on different aspects of the subject, demonstrating the necessary collaboration and interdisciplinary approach to this complex area. The focus is on X-ray crystallographic and computational approaches. The general aspects of these approaches are introduced in the first six articles. The remaining articles provide examples of the application of X-ray crystallography, molecular modelling, molecular dynamics, QSAR, database analysis, and homology modelling. The papers cover a wealth of interesting problems in the design of...

Optics at the Nanometer Scale: Imaging and Storing with Photonic Near Fields deals with the fundamentals of and the latest developments and applications of near-field optical microscopy, giving basic accounts of how and under what circumstances superresolution beyond the half- wavelength Rayleigh limit is achieved. Interferometric and fluorescence techniques are also described, leading to molecular and even atomic resolution using light. The storage of optical information at this level of resolution is also addressed.