Organic solids exhibit a wide range of electrical and related properties. They occur as crystals, glasses, polymers and thin films; they may be insulators, semiconductors, conductors or superconductors; and they may show luminescence, nonlinear optical response, and complex dynamical behaviour. The book provides a broad survey of this area, written by international experts, one third being drawn from Eastern Europe. Electrical, optical, spectroscopic and structural aspects are all treated in a way that gives an excellent introduction to current themes in this highly interdisciplinary and...

This volume contains 39 contributions presented at the IUTAM Symposium on Mechanics of Granular and Porous Materials. The Symposium reviewed the current understanding of the constitutive behaviour of porous and granular solids, based on experimental data, numerical simulations and micromechanical models. An interdisciplinary approach is adopted, involving the fields of solid mechanics, materials science, geomechanics, chemical engineering and mathematics. This book emphasizes the development and use of constitutive laws to model practical processes such as mixing, drainage and drying,...

In Ionic Polymerization and Related Processes, internationally recognised academic and industrial researchers discuss and debate the latest developments in the field. The major focus is on cationic polymerizations, but related anionic and controlled radical processes are also discussed.

This volume aims to shed light upon the omnipresent discussion of crisis in our times by returning to the thought of the two philosophers upon which much of this talk is consciously (or unconsciously) based, namely, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger.

The relevence of residual stresses in engineering components is being increasingly appreciated by modern engineers concerned with design and performance. The non-destructive evaluation of such stresses has provided a challange which has been addressed by the use of x-ray diffraction to characterize near-surface stresses. The extension of diffraction stress measurements to include neutron diffraction represents a major advance. Use of the penetrating power of neutrons is ideally suited to the determination of macrostress variation through thick components and of microstresses in composites and...

This work provides a review of recent advances in all aspects of superconducting electronics, both for the traditional (4 K) liquid helium based (LTS) materials and the more recent ceramic (HTS) materials that can operate at higher temperatures in the range of liquid nitrogen (77 K).

This text examines all aspects of constructing and using SQUID magnetic sensors that operate at either liquid helium or liquid nitrogen temperatures (4 or 77 K, respectively). There is comprehensive coverage of a range of established and emerging applications: biomagnetism, geophysics, nondestructive evaluation, detection of unexploded ordnance, and gravity gradiometry. The principles of both dc and rf SQUIDS are discussed extensively, as are the geometries, electronic circuitry and analysis techniques required to maximize performance. A major chapter of SQUID gradiometers in real...

For chemists, biochemists, physicists and materials scientists, pressure as an experimental variable represents a tool that provides unique information about the microscopic properties of the materials being studied. In addition to its use as a research tool for investigating the energetics, structure, dynamics and kinetics of molecular transformations of materials, pressure is also being used to modify the properties of materials to preserve or improve their properties.

This book describes guidelines prepared by the U.S. Country Studies Program for the evaluation of options to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The U.S. Country Studies Program developed these guidelines in collaboration with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to provide developing countries and countries with economies in transition with reference materials for national mitigation assessments. Over 50 countries participating in the program have used the guidelines, which have been refined to reflect their comments. The guidelines delineate a step-wise methodology for evaluating greenhouse...

For decades to come, the limits to computing power will not allow atomistic simulations of macroscopic specimens. Simulations can only be performed on various scales (nano, meso, micro and macro) using the input provided by simulations (or data) on the next smaller scale. The resulting hierarchy has been the focus of many seminars and lectures. Necessarily, special emphasis has been placed on mesoscopic simulations, bridging the gaps between nano (atomic) and micro space and time scales."