The first volume in the Muslim Civilisations Abstracts series is an innovative reference catalogue of 200 annotated bibliographies and abstracts of encyclopedias published during the nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Material is presented in English, Arabic and Turkish. Volumes in the series seek not only to represent the diversity of the Muslim world, but also to create access to and reinforce communication between scholars and institutions within the Muslim world; where the sharing of knowledge and information has often been hindered due to language barriers.