The aim of this book is to give, within a single volume, an introduction to the fields of turbulence modelling and transition-to-turbulence prediction, and to provide the physical background for today's modelling approaches in these problem areas as well as giving a flavour of advanced use of prediction methods. Turbulence modelling approaches, ranging from single-point models based on the eddy-viscosity concept and the Reynolds stress transport equations (Chapters 3,4,5), to large-eddy simulation (LES) techniques (Ch. 7), are covered. The foundations of hydrodynamical stability and...

We are happy to present to the reader the first book of our Applied Logic Series. Walton's book on the fallacies of ambiguity is firmly at the heart of practical reasoning, an important part of applied logic. There is an increasing interest in artifIcial intelligence, philosophy, psychol- ogy, software engineering and linguistics, in the analysis and possible mechanisation of human practical reasoning. Continuing the ancient quest that began with Aristotle, computer scientists, logicians, philosophers and linguists are vigorously seeking to deepen our understanding of human reasoning and...

The idea for this book was born at the June 1996 meeting of the IDEAL Steering Committee in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. We had just completed a successful and stimulating special symposium during the annual meeting of the American Society for Limnology and Oceanography, and enthusiasm was running high for the production of a volume that could assemble in one place the scientific findings that were starting to emerge from East Africa. IDEAL, an International Decade for the East African Lakes, had ended one round of field investigations, many of which had been centered on Lake Victoria. As the...

Nouragues is a tropical forest research station in French Guiana. It was established in 1986 for research on natural mechanisms of forest regeneration. Since then a lot of research has been done on this and related topics.
This book provides an overview of the main research results, and focuses on plant communities, vertebrate communities and evolutionary ecology, frugivory and seed dispersal, and forest dynamics and recruitment.
The appendices give (annoted) checklists of plants, birds, mammals, herpetofauna and fishes found in the same area.

The present monograph carefully revises the taxonomy, nomenclature, and ecology of all nominal species of spathidiids and shows that spathidiid diversity has been greatly underestimated. Based on the reinvestigation of described species with modern methods and the first description of over 50 new species, the family Spathidiidae is split into four families and 20 genera. Each species is described and figured in detail. Two identification keys are provided.

Maritime canals dissolve natural barriers to the dispersal of marine organisms, thus providing novel opportunities for natural dispersal, as well as for shipping-mediated transport. The introduction of alien species has proved to be one of the most profound and damaging of anthropogenic deeds - with both ecological and economic costs.

This book is the first to assess the impacts of the world s three principal maritime canals the Kiel, the Panama, the Suez as invasion corridors for alien biota. These three canals differ in their hydrological regimes, the types of biotas they...

This is the second book of a series treating the hypotrichs, a major part of the spirotrichous ciliates. It summarises 230 years of morphological, morphogenetic, faunistic, and ecological data, heretofore scattered in some 1,300 references around the world. The book provides taxonomists, cell biologists, and ecologists with a thorough survey supplying synonyms, nomenclature and systematics, and an extensive description of morphology and ecology, including almost all published records, for each species.