This book is a collection of papers on the metaphysics and natural philosophy of John Buridan (ca. 1295-1361), one of the most innovative and influential thinkers of the later Middle Ages. It brings together original contributions by fifteen Buridan scholars on a number of central topics in the Buridanian corpus, including the theory of universals, the role of definitions in scientific practice, necessity and probability, time, the natural order, the theory of motion, time and infinity, certitude, sensation, dreams, and volition. The papers provide a unified picture of Buridan's non-logical...

An annotated translation of Jean Fernel's On the Hidden Causes of Things (1542), with a scholarly introduction showing its great importance in the intellectual history of the Renaissance. The only sixteenth-century writer, apart from Paracelsus, to develop a new theory of disease, Fernel was also a leading natural philosopher. His survey of the role of occult qualities and powers in life processes, especially generation, and in contagious and pestilential diseases draws upon astrology, alchemy, and other occult sciences. Although an original and innovatory thinker, Fernel operated...