The physics of highly charged ions continues to be one of the most active and interesting fields of atomic physics. A large fraction of the characteristic radiation of such ions lies in the x-ray region and its spectroscopy represents an important experimental tool. The field of x-ray spectroscopy grew directly from the discovery of x radiation by Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen in 1895. The early contributions to atomic physics that arose out of x-ray spectroscopy are well documented and are the subject of many centennial events. In the past, the gross features of most x-ray spectra in the hard x-ray...

This book treats the theory of representations of homogeneous polynomials as sums of powers of linear forms. The first two chapters are introductory, and focus on binary forms and Waring's problem. Then the author's recent work is presented mainly on the representation of forms in three or more variables as sums of powers of relatively few linear forms. The methods used are drawn from seemingly unrelated areas of commutative algebra and algebraic geometry, including the theories of determinantal varieties, of classifying spaces of Gorenstein-Artin algebras, and of Hilbert schemes of...

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Engineering Self-Organising Applications, ESOA 2006, held in Hakodate, Japan in May 2006. This was an associated event of AAMAS 2006, the 5th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. The seven full papers presented together with six invited papers were carefully selected for inclusion in the book.

The progress in information technology including arti?cial intelligence (AI) in the last few decades is remarkable, and has attracted many young researchers to this ?eld. This trend is now accelerated along with the recent rapid growth of computer communicationnetworksandthe worldwideincreaseinresearchers. In this context, we have observed many outstanding AI studies in Japanese dom- tic conferences. They have high technical originality, quality and signi?cance. The annual conference of JSAI (Japan Society for Arti?cial Intelligence) is one of the key and representative domestic meetings in...

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis, ICFCA 2007, held in Clermont-Ferrand, France in February 2007. The 19 revised full papers presented together with 1 invited lecture comprise state of the art research from foundational to applied lattice theory and related fields, all of which involve methods and techniques of formal concept analysis.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed joint post-proceedings of the 17th and 18th annual conferences of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, JSAI 2003 and JSAI 2004, and co-located international workshops, held in Niigata, Japan in June 2003 and in Kanazawa, Japan in May/June 2004 respectively. It features a number of award winning papers as well as revised full workshop papers from these conferences.

This book constitutes revised selected papers of the 6th Discourse Anaphora and Anaphor Resolution Colloquium, DAARC 2007, held in Lagos, Portugal in March 2007. The 13 revised full papers are organized in topical sections on human processing and performance, language analysis and representation, resolution methodology and algorithms, as well as computational systems and applications.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed postproceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Programming Multi-Agent Systems, ProMAS 2006, held in Hakodate, Japan, May 2006. Coverage includes uncertainty of agents; lightweight devices for business and e-commerce applications; component-based agents for MAS simulation; creation, execution, mobility and communication of agents; as well as multi-agent platforms and organization.

This volume in the Lecture Notes of Artificial Intelligence represents the first book on human computing. We introduced the notion of human computing in 2006 and organized two events that were meant to explain this notion and the research conducted worldwide in the context of this notion. The first of these events was a Special Session on Human Computing that took place during the Eighth International ACM Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI 2006), held in Banff, Canada, on November 3, 2006. The theme of the conference was multimodal collaboration and our Special Session on Human...

This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at the 11th Int- national Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing (RSFDGrC 2007), a part of the Joint Rough Set Symposium (JRS 2007) organized by Infobright Inc. and York University. JRS 2007 was held for the ?rst time during May 14-16, 2007 in MaRS Discovery District, Toronto, Canada. It consisted of two conferences: RSFDGrC 2007 and the Second Int- national Conference on Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology (RSKT 2007). The two conferences that constituted JRS 2007 investigated rough sets as an...