With contributions by international experts in judicial administration and senior judicial figures, it provides a unique comparative perspective on the role of modern judges in a rapidly evolving environment and the pressures of effective judicial administration.

Today it is normatively contested but descriptively undeniable that a constitutional amendment-one that respects the formal procedures of textual alteration laid down in the constitutional text-may be invalidated for violating either a written or unwritten constitutional norm.

The contributions examine theoretical questions surrounding the measurement of the quality of judicial reasoning, practices and legal systems across Europe, and judicial reasoning in various international courts.

National civil justice systems are deeply rooted in national legal cultures and traditions. In an attempt to create a `genuine area of justice', new unified procedures are being developed, which operate in parallel with national civil procedures, and sometimes even strive to replace them.