This new reference is the first fully self-contained and unified monograph on the design and operation of undulators and free-electron lasers. It will be of use to all those working in free-electron laser research as well as for physicists and graduate students who need an introduction to the field. The book includes a convenient overview of early developments and general principles. The different models that are used to describe free-electron laser are presented, sensibly organized according to their range of applicability. Conceptual and mathematical constructs are covered, with an emphasis...

This new text approaches the problem of the electronic structure of solid matter in terms of multiple scattering theory. It includes a short review of local density functional theories, taking the reader step-by-step through the properties of Schrodinger and Dirac Hamiltonians for a central field, and resolvents and Green functions. Ordered and disordered systems are considered, along with non-relativistic and relativistic schemes. Also discussed are the direct applications of multiple scattering to important aspects of materials science such as band structure spectography, Fermi energy...

This unique book presents a unified, in-depth study of phenomena in photon-matter interactions over a range of many orders of energy. It provides a thorough treatment of relativistic quantum electrodynamics from the quantum field theoretic approach, together with non-relativistic theory in both confined and unconfined geometries. The predictions of QED have been verified to a greater accuracy than any other physical theory. Moreover QED is a paradigm for other gauge theories, and it is presented in such a way that the generalization to other gauge theories is natural. Gauge and Poincare...

This book is a pedagogical yet complete introduction to the physics of the one dimension. Recent progress in nanotechnology and material research have made one dimensional systems a crucial part of today's physics. After an introduction to the basic concepts of correlated systems, the book gives a step by step description of the techniques needed to treat one dimension, and discusses the resulting physics. The specific experimental realization of one dimensional systems such as spin chains, quantum wires, nanotubes, organic superconductors, etc., are examined. Given its progressive and...

Liquid crystals are fluids with directionality defined. Polymers are long molecules with a shape that can be changed. As a network, polymers form rubber-a soft solid that is locally liquid-like and capable of huge extension. Liquid crystal elastomers area combination of all these curious aspects, but with additional, revolutionary new phenomena-for example, spontaneous shape changes of several hundred percent induced by temperature change, with equally large opto-mechanical responses, shape change without energy cost (Soft elasticity), color change with strain, lasing and photonics,...

This book presents a complete encyclopedia of superconducting fluctuations, summarizing the last thirty-five years of work in the field. The first part of the book is devoted to an extended discussion of the Ginzburg-Landau phenomenology of fluctuations in its thermodynamical and time-dependent versions and its various applications. The second part deals with microscopic justification of the Ginzburg-Landau approach and presents the diagrammatic theory of fluctuations. The third part is devoted to a less-detailed review of the manifestation of fluctuations in observables: diamagnetism,...

Over the course of nearly half a century, Sam Edwards has led the field of condensed matter physics into new directions, ranging from the electronic and statistical properties of disordered materials to the mechanical properties of granular materials. Along the way, he has provided seminal contributions to fluid mechanics, polymer science, surface science and statistical mechanics. This volume celebrates the immense scope of his influence by presenting a collection of original articles by recognized leaders in theoretical physics, including two Nobel Laureates and a Fields Medalist, which...

This book presents the wide range of topics in two-dimensional physics of quantum Hall systems, especially fractional quantum Hall states. It covers the fundamental problems of two-dimensional quantum statistics in terms of topology and the corresponding braid group formalism for composite fernions, and the main formalism used in many-body quantum Hall theories, the Chern-Simons theory. Numerical studies are introduced for spherical systems and the composite fermion theory is tested. The book introduces the concept of the hierarchy of condensed states, the BCS paired Hall state, and...

The Feynman path integrals are becoming increasingly important in the applications of quantum mechanics and field theory. The path integral formulation of quantum anomalies, (i.e.: the quantum breaking of certain symmetries), can now cover all the known quantum anomalies in a coherent manner. In this book the authors provide an introduction to the path integral method in quantum field theory and its applications to the analysis of quantum anomalies. No previous knowledge of field theory beyond the advanced undergraduate quantum mechanics is assumed. The book provides the first coherent...

This book focuses on the characteristics of optical radiation, or a spectrum, emitted by various plasmas. In plasma, the same atomic species can produce quite different spectra, or colors depending on the nature of the plasma. This book gives a theoretical framework, by which a particular spectrum can be interpreted correctly and coherently. The uniqueness of the book lies in its comprehensive treatment of the intensity distribution of spectral lines and the population density distribution among the atomic levels, in plasma. It is intended to provide beginners with a good perspective of the...