Christopher Kennedy University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S IA4 Coal is a valuable resource. It provides a significant amount of the World's energy supply and it is the basis for many industries. However, in areas where coal lies close to the Earth's surface and has been exploited by open cast tech niques, radical alterations of landscape and significant impacts on the envi ronment have occurred. This report was prepared to provide guidance to those who are responsible for the prevention of environmental effects from surface...

Sustainable economic development is necessary to improve the standard of liv ing and quality of life in the developing countries. It is also required to maintain or enhance their attributes for those lands already commercially developed. Past experience indicates that one of the most important elements in the economic growth is the development of industry. It should be also recognized that devel oping industry, if pursued according to the tradition al means, entails the addi tional inefficient consumption of limited national resource and generation of large amount of residue that called...

Many people are convinced that Sustainable Development and Mathematics are completely unrelated. Sustainable Development, in its role of a value laden imperative for polluting and over-consuming societies, seems to be totally unconnected to mathematical reasoning and ignorant of the values behind its symbols. Still, they are not only connected: they need each other. Mathematics needs Sustainable Development. When science was gradually reinvented in European medieval societies, it was legitimised as contributing to the disclosure of God s divine creation. The conflicts that emerged became well...

Potentially dangerous environmental changes are happening in the atm- phere, oceans, animal habitats and places where hazardous materials are used, or have been discarded without adequate environmental protections. These increasing problems that also affect human health demand for int- disciplinary approaches where engineers, natural scientists, economists and computer scientists work together. Information technology has become significant to all scientific groups and fields involved in environmental - gineering: Model based systems which enable the study of environmental changes have been...