Focuses on Falun Gong and the teachings of Li Hongzhi and its effects on the practice of brutalization and martyrdom.

A thorough examination of cultic violence discussing religious violence all the way to the post-9/11 era.

Summarizes established theories about ritual and violence and examines their link.

This Element explores the relationship between Islam and violence beyond the elemental or anomalous in addition to tracing the meaning of jihad from a struggle for a worthy cause to its present-day interpretation of martyrdom and terrorism.

Explores revenge as a motivation relating to conflict and violence. Looks at Oceania, where revenge is traditionally a sacred duty to the dead whose spirits demand it. Beyond Oceania, revenge is an important hidden factor in processes of violence.

The Book of Job considers physical pain, social bereavement, the origin of evil, theodicy, justice, divine violence, and reward. Such problems are explored here by consulting ancient and modern accounts from the fields of theology and philosophy.