This Element offers a novel, highly relevant perspective towards Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs). It also provides unique insights into MDBs' responses to their dual nature and significantly advances our understanding of MDB lending operations, drawing attention to the complexities involved in the unique MDB business model.

This Element argues that distinctive features of data-driven business models complicate international economic relations. A politically sustainable digital globalization requires agreements on rules governing the novel forms of economic exchange that digital technologies enable and represents a paradigm shift in international economic governance.