P. Marler* and H. S. Terrace** *The Rockefeller University Field Research Center Millbrook, NY 12545 **Dept. of Psychology, Columbia University New York, NY 10027, USA For the first half of this century, theories of animal conditioning were regarded as the most promising approach to the study of learning - both animal and human. For a variety of reasons, disillusionment with this point of view has become widespread during recent years. One prominent source of disenchantment with conditioning theory is a large body of ethological observations of both learned and unlearned natural behavior....
P. Marler* and H. S. Terrace** *The Rockefeller University Field Research Center Millbrook, NY 12545 **Dept. of Psychology, Columbia University New Yo...
usage of the terms substrate and substratum. A substrate (pI.: substrates) is a material utilized by microorganisms, generally as a source of energy. A substratum (pI.: substrata) is asolid surface to which a microorganism mayattach. REFERENCES (1) Marshall, K.C. 1976. Interfaces in Microbial Ecology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (2) ZoBell, C.E. 1943. The effect of solid surfaces upon bacterial activity. J. Bacteriol. 46: 39-56. Standing, left to right: Paul Rutter, Rolf Freter, Mike Silverman, lan Robb, Hinrich Mrozek, Frank Dazzo, David Gingell Seated, left to right: Garth...
usage of the terms substrate and substratum. A substrate (pI.: substrates) is a material utilized by microorganisms, generally as a source of energy. ...
Report, the editors replaced the term "speciation" wherever it occurred by "identification and quantification," or "description of abundance," or "reactivity," or "transformation" of a chemical species, according to whichever one of the four meanings the author had evidently meant to convey. In line with the Dahlem Workshop Model, this Report comprises the background papers written in advance of the meeting on the current status of problems in environmental research and on advanced analytical tech niques for the identification and quantification of chemical species, as well as the group...
Report, the editors replaced the term "speciation" wherever it occurred by "identification and quantification," or "description of abundance," or "rea...
very important, especially the comparison of vertebrate and invertebrate transduction mechanisms. The workshop was very successful and the outcome of the discussions proved it worth the effort. To no small extent has that success been made possible by Dr. Silke Bernhard who with a combination of authority and charm together with her extremely efficient and dedicated staff organized this workshop, providing the conditions and framework for a scientific debate of outstanding quality in a friendly and pleasant atmosphere. The great majority of participants were also very committed to making this...
very important, especially the comparison of vertebrate and invertebrate transduction mechanisms. The workshop was very successful and the outcome of ...
hurdle will be in the latter area. The technological hurdles will be formi dable but will not limit what happens: once the basic ideas are available, the technology will be developed. The unique part of biotechnology will be to imagine what the possibilities are. There was a discussion in several of the groups on the problems of intro ducing a novel science into a social and economic context. What biotech nologists are learning on this matter is not novel, although that does not make it any less important or difficult. People in the development of elec tronics and computers, in the...
hurdle will be in the latter area. The technological hurdles will be formi dable but will not limit what happens: once the basic ideas are available, ...
Hypothesis testing is not a straightforward matter in the fossil record and here, too interactions with biology can be extremely profitable. Quite simply, predictions regarding long-term consequences of processes observed in liv ing organisms can be tested directly using paleontological data if those liv ing organisms have an adequate fossil record, thus avoiding the pitfalls of extrapolative approaches. We hope to see a burgeoning of this interactive effort in the coming years. Framing and testing of hypotheses in paleon tological subjects inevitably raises the problem of inferring process...
Hypothesis testing is not a straightforward matter in the fossil record and here, too interactions with biology can be extremely profitable. Quite sim...
free from any of the overtones that often constrain professional fisheries meetings. The present volume is the result. This volume aims to be useful as an appraisal of the state of the art by a mixed collection of insiders and outsiders. Most interestingly, I think, it aims (especially in the four group reports) to identify some of the major areas of unresolved controversy and some of the major questions yet unanswered. I see the book as essentially a tentative statement - often by several dissonant voices - about directions in which we may be heading; the book is emphatically not a canonical...
free from any of the overtones that often constrain professional fisheries meetings. The present volume is the result. This volume aims to be useful a...