How can intelligence agencies be held accountable without compromising their ability to act quickly and effectively? This book presents how, since 2017, Canada has reshaped its oversight of the CSIS and CSE intelligence services. It describes how the new oversight bodies - the NSIRA, the NSICOP, and the Intelligence Commissioner - work together to review, monitor, and guide intelligence operations. Using open-source reports and data, the book conducts case studies and international comparisons to evaluate whether these reforms have increased transparency and accountability while...

This open access book is the outcome of a unique multinational effort organized by the Hamburg-based Defense AI Observatory (DAIO) to portray the current state of affairs regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) by armed forces around the world. The contributions span a diverse range of geostrategic contexts by providing in-depth case studies on Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, the UK, and the United States. The...