Over the years numerous attempts have been made to show that human intelligence is related to some quality, feature, or ability that machines cannot possibly have. In this unique study, Dr, Goldkind reconstructs and analyzes the principal arguments of this kind that have not received adequate treatment in the past and responds to each of them in detail. Among the questions explored are whether machines can engage in purposive behavior, what the relationship is between causal and purposive explanations of behavior, whether machines are capable of human error, and whether they can perform...

This is the first book to document thoroughly the lifestyle and collective experience of the many thousands of black sailors during this time period. Numerous illustrations in the form of original charts, tables, crew lists, and customs records support the text. In a penetrating study, the author unveils the enormous contribution made prior to the Civil War to the nation's economy, prestige, and power by black Americans.

The joint efforts of Roosevelt and Mahan to secure U.S. prominence in the Western Hemisphere through sea power and to develop a navy capable of confronting powerful enemies in the Atlantic and Pacific altered hemispheric relations irrevocably and had important consequences for the conduct and outcome of both world wars. The author describes the working relationship that developed between the two men when Roosevelt served first as civil service commissioner and subsequently as assistant secretary of the navy, and the events, controversies, and policies that eventually led to the creation of...

This collection of essays examines the question of how injustices of the past affect entire groups of people today and outlines the current beneficiaries of these injustices. Although discriminatory practices can be based on ethnicity, religion, and gender, this book focuses on one important type--racial discrimination--and deals with the way it affects both blacks and whites. The authors address the question from different perspectives and, although there is no real consensus as to what extent unjust enrichments currently exist because of past discrimination, the focus of several essays...

This study succinctly views some works of nine black women playwrights, who flourished between 1916 and 1935, and explores--in some detail--some characteristics of selected plays of Alice Childress, Lorraine Hansberry, and Ntozake Shange. . . . This is a well-conceived, well-researched, well-written study. Especially useful are Brown-Guillory's careful definition of terms and her clearly pointing out the directions in which she is heading. "American Literature"

Brown-Guillory's study is a reference work important to anyone studying black women playwrights, or black drama. Her ideas and...

The volume analyzes local changes in Christianity in eight different cultures--in the Pacific, Jamaica, California, and Italy. The contributors are particularly effective in linking local religious and kinship systems to supralocal changes in Christian denominations, and in analyzing the motivations behind conversions, resistance, and disenchantment. Each essay includes a map, historical background, and a concise ethnographic case. The emphasis is on local interpretations rather than mission histories or theological variation, and the breadth of the cases makes the volume a very useful...

Some 230 writers are included, and for each the compiler has provided, in addition to a publication history, a brief summary of educational background, occupation, and honors and awards obtained. The most important feature of any work of this kind is the careful selection of those names to be included. Foster has chosen well. . . . Inclusion of lesser-known authors makes this volume useful. "Choice"

This new biobibliographical guide identifies known and little known Southern black writers to 1953, many of whom have received scant critical attention over the years. A large number of the...

"Medicine and Money: A Study of the Role of Beneficence in Health Care Cost Containment" is a frank discussion of the moral problems associated with the need to control health care costs. The book provides a base for physicians to address these concerns and examines the events leading to America's current health care crisis, diminishing beneficence. After a brief definition of the problem, Frank H. Marsh and Mark Yarborough continue by describing the threat of cost containment and justifying beneficence-based health care system. Special importance is given to "Medicine and Money" by the...

This is the first collection of essays in which African critics present an in-depth study of African-American writers. These prominent critics from different African countries and backgrounds bring an important perspective to the complex relationship between African Americans and Africa. Through provocative readings of prominent African-American writers, the contributors provide insights into contemporary African-American issues. This collection offers a rare opportunity to view African opinions on what it means to be African American.