This unique and invaluable book is the first major comparative study of litigation costs and methods of funding litigation. It contains national chapters contributed by scholars in 19 jurisdictions: Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, England and Wales, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the US, along with a further chapter on Latin American jurisdictions. These describe the principles and rules that relate to paying courts, witnesses, and lawyers, as well as the rules on cost shifting, if any. They...