This collection of essays examines the development of Churchill and Hitler as strategic leaders and analyzes in particular the impact of their formative years on their leadership styles, operational codes, views on civil-military relations, and approaches to the conduct of war at strategic, operational and tactical levels. Ultimately, victory depended on the calculated use of all the means of national power - military, political, psychological and economic - to achieve the national end. These essays demonstrate that it was Churchill who best understood that calculation.