This textbook presents the concepts and results underlying the Bayesian, frequentist, and Fisherian approaches to statistical inference, with particular emphasis on the contrasts between them. Aimed at advanced undergraduates and graduate students in mathematics and related disciplines, it covers basic mathematical theory as well as more advanced material, including such contemporary topics as Bayesian computation, higher-order likelihood theory, predictive inference, bootstrap methods, and conditional inference.

High-dimensional and nonparametric statistical models are ubiquitous in modern data science. This book develops a mathematically coherent and objective approach to statistical inference in such models, with a focus on function estimation problems arising from random samples or from Gaussian regression/signal in white noise problems.