Having played a role in every iteration of Syrian politics since the country gained independence in 1946, the Muslim Brotherhood were the most prominent opposition group in Syria on the eve of the 2011 uprising. But when unrest broke out in March 2011, few Brotherhood flags and slogans were to be found within the burgeoning protest movement. Drawing on extensive primary research including interviews with Brotherhood members, Dara Conduit looks to the group's history to understand why it failed to capitalise on this advantage as the conflict unfolded, addressing significant gaps in accounts of...

This rich 100-year modern history of Bahrain uses multiple sources, from freedom of information requests, interviews, and social media data to show how and why the Bahrain regime has used different techniques of political repression to maintain power since the 1920s. With new insights, this book challenges existing knowledge on Bahrain.

This rich 100-year modern history of Bahrain uses multiple sources, from freedom of information requests, interviews, and social media data to show how and why the Bahrain regime has used different techniques of political repression to maintain power since the 1920s. With new insights, this book challenges existing knowledge on Bahrain.

A wide-ranging account of the Muslim Brotherhood's long history and complex relationship with the Jordanian state, parliament and society since its founding in 1945, showing the ideological and behavioural development of a group which relies on age-old concepts derived from classical Islam to influence beliefs in the modern-day nation-state.

The Fourth Ordeal tells the history of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt from the late 1960s until 2018. Based on over 140 first-hand interviews with leaders, rank-and-file members and dissidents, as well as a wide range of original written sources, the story traces the Brotherhood's re-emergence and rise following the collapse of Nasser's Arab nationalism, all the way to its short-lived experiment with power and the subsequent period of imprisonment, persecution and exile. Unique in terms of its source base, this book provides readers with unprecedented insight into the Brotherhood's internal...

Middle Eastern police forces have a reputation for carrying out repression and surveillance on behalf of authoritarian regimes, despite frequently under enforcing the law. But what is their role in co-creating and sustaining social order? In this book, Jessica Watkins focuses on the development of the Jordanian police institution to demonstrate that rather than being primarily concerned with law enforcement, the police are first and foremost concerned with order. In Jordan, social order combines the influence of longstanding tribal practices with regime efforts to promote neoliberal economic...