The kalam cosmological argument is a significant and much-discussed natural theological argument. The argument aims to show that an infinite temporal regress of events is impossible and that therefore the universe began to exist (out of nothing) a finite time ago. In conjunction with the causal principle that whatever begins to exist has a cause, this fact implies that the universe has a transcendent cause of its existence. Championed historically by Muslim, Jewish, and Christian philosophers alike, the argument has enjoyed a contemporary resurgence of interest among philosophers...