The development of information technology has made it possible to collect large amounts of spatial data on a daily basis. It is of enormous significance when it comes to discovering implicit, non-trivial and potentially valuable information from this spatial data. Spatial co-location patterns reveal the distribution rules of spatial features, which can be valuable for application users. This book provides commercial software developers with proven and effective algorithms for detecting and filtering these implicit patterns, and includes easily implemented pseudocode for all the algorithms....

This book describes theoretical elements, practical approaches, and specialized tools that systematically organize, characterize, and analyze big data gathered from educational affairs and settings. Moreover, the book shows several inference criteria to leverage and produce descriptive, explanatory, and predictive closures to study and understand education phenomena at in classroom and online environments.This is why diverse researchers and scholars contribute with valuable chapters to ground with well-–sounded theoretical and methodological constructs in the novel field of Educational Data...

This book presents the state of the art in distributed machine learning algorithms that are based on gradient optimization methods. In the big data era, large-scale datasets pose enormous challenges for the existing machine learning systems. As such, implementing machine learning algorithms in a distributed environment has become a key technology, and recent research has shown gradient-based iterative optimization to be an effective solution. Focusing on methods that can speed up large-scale gradient optimization through both algorithm optimizations and careful system implementations, the...