This second volume of a two-volume set develops the tools necessary to study and understand systems in which chemical reactions can take place, and establishes criteria for chemical equilibrium. For complex systems, the number of independent reactions and their nature are determined systematically; the effect of external factors on chemical equilibria is analyzed and illustrated; the formalism necessary to study ideal and real solutions is provided; and various standard states in use and the corresponding activity coefficients are defined. The volume includes problems and solutions.

This is volume 1 of a two-volume set. A primarily phenomenological approach was selected to keep chemical thermodynamics accessible to beginners. Coverage encompasses the fundamental aspects of thermodynamics, for students in chemistry, chemical engineering, and material sciences. Most of the specific mathematical tools are presented directly in the text; problems and solutions are provided.