This volume explores the latest clinical and basic science advances in the field of reproductive sciences. Contributions from leading experts in the field cover a wide breadth of topics from in vitro fertilization to stem cell biology.

Special focus is given to discussion of major obstacles in making clinical progress in the fields of in vitro fertilization, endometriois, uterine and ovarian transplantation, recurrent pregnancy loss, and preterm delivery.

Novel evidence-based approaches to advance the field are discussed, including in vitro molecular approaches,...

This volume examines the phytoalexin resveratrol and the ongoing studies about its effects on lifespan and health.

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a phytoalexin produced naturally by several plants when under attack by pathogens such as bacteria or fungi, significantly extends the lifespan of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Resveratrol is currently a topic of numerous animal and human studies into its effects.

The effects of resveratrol on the lifespan of many model organisms remain controversial....

This volume comprises contributions from faculty and postdoctoral finalists of the 2012 New York Academy of Science Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists. The Awards recognize highly innovative, multidisciplinary accomplishments in the life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, and engineering. Included in this volume are manuscripts of the individual finalists' areas of research, which provide a glimpse of some of today's most compelling scholarly work.

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This second installment of The Year in Diabetes and Obesity review series includes thought-provoking reviews on central nervous system control of glucose and energy metabolism; stearoyl CoA desaturase in obesity and metabolism; circadian disruption and metabolic dysfunction; incretin hormones; metabolic syndrome, adipokines, and dementia; interventions for the prevention or reversal of type 1 diabetes; the role of intestinal microbiome in humans and mice with type 1 diabetes; building smarter and better insulins; RAGE--a multi-ligand receptor in chronic diseases; diabetes, cancer risk,...

This volume presents reports from three recent scientific meetings on special topics.

The first report discusses scientific perspectives on individuals' drive to consume, presented at the conference -The Interdisciplinary Science of Consumption: Mechanisms of Allocating Resources Across Disciplines- at the University of Michigan in May 2010. Sponsored by Rackham Graduate School and the Department of Psychology at the University of Michigan, the conference included presentations on human, primate, and rodent models and spanned multiple domains of consumption, including reward...

The volume features current basic, clinical, and translational research on aspects of skeletal morphogenesis and remodeling in health and disease. Papers survey vital new insights into the mechanisms of bone development and restructuring, including cellular and mechanical triggers, receptors and signaling pathways. Also covered are the effects of other physiological systems and disease states, such as immune system inflammation, diabetes, infection, and cancer on musculoskeletal health. Recent findings are shaping therapeutic directions that focus on both anti-resorptive and anabolic...

The fourth installment of -The Year in Immunology- series features reviews of novel approaches in the investigation of immunoregulatory mechanisms. Topics surveyed include cutting-edge molecular studies and treatment advances for systemic lupus erythmatosus and multiple sclerosis, the genetic regulation of lymphocytes and T cells, and new models of immunosenescence.

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The genetic dissection of human primary immunodeficiency is expanding at full speed, in at least two directions. Some investigators pursue the dissection of well-known clinical phenotypes, for which the count of genetic etiologies seems to be endless, whereas others begin the search for inborn errors underlying new phenotypes, infectious and otherwise. The field of primary immunodeficiency is also expanding in other ways, with new therapeutic approaches, and with the care of patients in regions of the world where these diseases were unheard of less than a decade ago. The volume provides an...

This fourth installment of -The Year in Evolutionary Biology- series includes reviews on competition and the evolutionary dynamics of mutualism; rapid Hox gene evolution and the evolution of body plans; the evolutionary and conservation consequences of inbreeding-environment interactions; evolution and development of character displacement; applications of information theory to evolution; and gene duplications.

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