To hone in on the complexities of prison downsizing and decarceration it is important to examine the different facets that play a part in these processes. To do so, this volume of The ANNALS brings together an inter-disciplinary group of scholars who research prisons, mass incarceration, and related policies to examine the origins of the prison overcrowding crisis, the diffusion and translation of law and policy reform, the impact of prison downsizing on the criminal justice system, and the future of decarceration.

In this volume of The ANNALS the editors argue that illegal immigration arose as feature of capitalist globalization in the 20^th century. The collected research papers explore the origins of undocumented migration in our contemporary global economy, and show the consequences of so-called illegal immigration both for migrants and for a number of host countries. The methodological challenges involved in studying clandestine population movements are also advanced by example.

As America prepares to welcome its 45th president, he or she will face a multitude of challenges, including the
security of the nation and its people. Terrorism, specifically violent Islamist extremism, is ravaging the Middle
East while having repercussions here in the United States and the world. This volume of The ANNALS delves
into the issue of terrorism and offers direction and guidance to the next president and administration for
countering violent extremism (CVE).