This book describes the sources of water contamination by PAHs and their transportation and fate in natural aquatic systems. It then discusses, from the analytical chemist’s view, how to determine the presence of PAHs in water and wastewater, and the changes in PAH concentration during treatment processes. The text examines the removal of PAHs using membrane bioreactors and advanced sludge processes, highlighting results from both demonstration and full-scale plants. It also examines the presence of PAHs in conventional wastewater treatment plants, especially in sludge.