This handbook provides a comprehensive transition from basics to applications and from materials understanding to tailored design all written by experts in the fields to enable a unique view on latest and emerging aspects. All chapters in the second edition have been revised, and several new chapters have been added, covering such topics as inorganic graphene analogues, 2D metal carbides and carbonitrides, 2D photonic crystals, smart nanomaterials, safety of nanoparticles, and nanomaterials for energy storage and harvesting.