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Metallothioneins (MTs) represent a large family of proteins characterized by high heavy metal content (mainly CuII and ZnII) and by an unusual cysteine abundance. They have a powerful protective function in all animal tissues, due most likely to their properties as free radical scavengers protecting against oxidative damage. Moreover, the presence and overexpression of MTs in various pathological conditions, such as metal dyshomeostasis, cell proliferation, neurological disorders, and chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance, could be used as an important prognostic marker, as a...

Aluminium is the most abundant metal ion in the biosphere and we are continuously exposed to it in our everyday life through things like food, beverages, and pharmaceutical products. This book is a review of the biochemistry, metabolism and toxicity of aluminium undertaken by an international group of authors, who are authorities in their respective fields. The text is primarily directed at aluminium nutrition and toxicity in infants and children. It covers many aspects of aluminium toxicity in infants including, for instance, the embryo-foetal as well as the neurodevelopmental effects of...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a crippling pathology of the central nervous system (CNS) of unknown aetiology which represents the most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is the major cause of senile dementia, affecting approximately 5% of the population over 70. This syndrome is characterized by loss of short-term memory and progressive impairment of intellectual functions. No established therapeutic strategy has been found so far. Until recently, much of the literature on AD discussed the effects of this syndrome on the CNS. During the beginning of the 1990s, however, a large amount of...

Numerous studies have established a clear connection between neuronal oxidative stress and several neurodegenerative diseases, with consequential damages to lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, etc. In addition, several modifications indicative of oxidative stress have been described in association with neurons, neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease, including advanced glycation end products and free carbonyl oxidation. Oxidative damage and antioxidant responses are now well characterized, but sources of damaging free radicals are yet to be fully understood. Evidences...