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On the 18th of June, 1812, Congress declared war against Great Britain. The grounds upon which the declaration was made were just and sufficient, but not more so than they had been for several years. Nor can it well be seen by a careful review of the case that there was much less cause for war with France than there was for war with England. These two states had been engaged in hostilities for several years. The British Ministry by their "Orders in Council" declared the coasts of France and her allies and colonies in a state of blockade. Napoleon replied with his famous Berlin and Milan...

Marching from Cold Harbor, Meade's Army of the Potomac crossed the James River on transports and a 2,200-foot long pontoon bridge at Windmill Point. Butler's leading elements (XVIII Corps and Kautz's cavalry) crossed the Appomattox River at Broadway Landing and attacked the Petersburg defenses on June 15. The 5,400 defenders of Petersburg under command of Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard were driven from their first line of entrenchments back to Harrison Creek. After dark the XVIII Corps was relieved by the II Corps. On June 16, the II Corps captured another section of the Confederate line; on the...

In the late 1800's, the great military historian Major Matthew Forney Steele, Second United States Cavalry, authored critiques of all the major battles of the American civil war. The War Department (predecessor of the U.S. Department of Defense) collected, and Penny Hill Press recently uncovered, his civil war battle histories. Each presents a day-by-day description of Union and Confederate actions and provides the author's opinions as to why each of these actions -- on both the Union and Confederate sides -- were appropriate or inappropriate. The War Department collected Major Steele's...