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In recent years, toxicology has gained significant importance due to the widespread and unchecked use of agricultural chemicals and drugs, as well as the detrimental effects of environmental pollution on the health of animals. The indiscriminate feeding habits of domestic animals, particularly in developing countries, make them more susceptible to the impact of natural toxicants such as phytotoxins and mycotoxins. Toxicology has been recognized as a distinct discipline in all scientific fields at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels for the past four decades, with a strong emphasis...