Introduction to Transportation Engineering: Ideas and Concepts

ISBN-13: 9781466565876 / Angielski / Miękka / 2027 / 512 str.

Ulrich Alois Weidmann; Switzerland) Kay Axhausen (ETH Zurich; United Arab Emirates) Monica Menendez (NYU Abu Dhabi

Opis

Transportation is best considered as a socio-technical system. Insights into transportation engineering best start from this perspective, and the different forms should be viewed in a homogenous way as parts of the general transport system. Introduction to Transportation Engineering shows how the modes are complementary to each other, and how to design and operate them, and gives some thoughts on integration. It introduces generic and universally applicable concepts, and the principles of planning and design, along with experience from local applications to enable students to solve small and medium planning problems. The book also covers system development and serves as a starting point for deeper and detailed work, while keeping an overall view and emphasising the general context. It sets transportation engineering in the context of transport history to give students a sense of its long-term development and its social, economic and technical context. The authors bring varied and fully international experience, and present a balanced and comprehensive overview of design philosophies and approaches. This student text is not only broad and concise, but also thorough and well grounded.

Spis treści

I General Introduction

Preface

Transportation in Daily Life

Private and Public Transportation

Humans as Transport Means – Non-Motorized Transports

Brief History of Transport Systems

Patterns of Substitution

Investment Costs

Operating Costs and Energy Efficiency

History of Private Transportation

History of Public Transportation

Transportation, Society, Economics and the Environment

Transportation and Society

Transportation and Economics

Transportation and the Environment

II Transportation Planning

Accessibility and Productivity

Ricardo and the Benefits of Trade

Access and Accessibility

New Geographic Economics – a Primer

The Dynamics of System

Transport and Land Use: The Basic Models

Von Thünen and the Rent Gradient

Hotteling and the Optimal Location

Weber and the Optimal Location

Measuring the Value of Accessibility

User Behaviour

Current Trends

The Basic Model and its Dynamics

Valuing Change

Principles of Network design

Network Hierarchies in Road and Public Transport

Objective Functions

Heuristics

Choice of Capacities for Roads and Junctions

Decision Making: Consistent Approaches

Cost–Benefit Analysis and its Alternatives

Basics of CBA

An Example of a CBA

Decision Making: A Messy Reality

Dreams, Prejudices, Images and Constraints

Predicting Costs and Demand

III Private Transportation

Introduction to Private Transportation Systems

Physical Components

Human Factors

System Complexity: Links and Nodes

Fundamentals of Traffic Flow

Vehicle Trajectories and Time Space Diagrams

Traffic Stream Definitions

Traffic Fundamental Diagram

Deviations from the Fundamental Diagram

Introduction to Queuing Theory: Application to Transportation Problems

Cumulative Diagrams

Rescaling of Cumulative Diagrams

Transportation Applications

Traffic Parameters and Their Measurement

Commonly Used Traffic Parameters

Data Collection and Analysis

Simulations

System-wide Performance and Network Analysis

Capacity and Level of Service Analysis

Level of Service Fundamentals

Link Dynamics

Node Dynamics

Stationary and Moving Bottlenecks

Parking

Traffic Management and Control

Street Intersections

Highway Links

Highway Merges and Diverges

Intelligent Transportation Systems and Other Traffic Control Schemes

Infrastructure for Private Transportation Systems

Principles of Geometric Design

Principles of Pavement Design

Introduction to Infrastructure Management

Evaluation of Private Transportation Systems

Safety

Environmental Impacts: Air Pollution, Noise Generation, Energy Consumption

Pricing

IV Public Transportation

Public Transport Systems

Fundamentals of Public Transport Systems

Systems for Passenger Transports, Intermodality

Freight Transport Systems, Intermodality

Facts and Figures of Public Transportation Systems

Planning of Public Transport Services

Introduction to System and Network Planning

Planning Process and Steps of the System Design

Long Distance Services

Suburban and Urban Services

Regional and Local Services

Planning of Rail Freight Systems, Intermodality

Introduction to Logistics and Transports

Freight Demand, its Structure and Needs

Rail Freight Transport Systems

Freight Transports by Waterways

Air Freight Transport Systems

Intermodal Freight Transport Systems

Resource Planning

Introduction to Resource Planning

Productivity Measurement

Resource Planning Process

Calculation of Turnaround Time

Dimensioning of Rolling Stock and Staff Needs

Vehicles in Public Transport

Rolling Stock Strategies

Train Operating Concepts

Vehicle Concepts and Design

Vehicle Design

Railway Infrastructure

Components of Rail Infrastructure, Interactions with Vehicles

Infrastructure Strategy and Planning

Planning of Track Topology

Infrastructure Design and Construction

Life Cycle, Wear and Tear, Maintenance

Planning and Design of Passenger and Freight Stations

Railway Signalling and Dispatching Systems

Capacity and Operation of Rail Systems

Introduction to Capacity Analysis

Running Time, Buffer Time and Reserves

Capacity of Lines

Capacity of Nodes

Capacity of Networks, Network Stability

Network Management and Capacity Use

Regulation, Organisation, Marketing

Goals of the State related to Public Transport

Governmental Activities, Regulation

Management Aspects of Public Transport

Marketing Aspects of Public Transport

Quality Management in Public Transport

V Walking, Cycling, Intermodality

Introduction to Walking, Cycling and Intermodality

Walking and Cycling

Intermodality: The Last Mile

Integration in the Transport System

Walking

Pedestrians and their Properties

Speed, Quality and Capacity

Planning of Pedestrian Facilities

Design of Pedestrian Facilities

Cycling

Cyclists and their Properties

Speed, Quality and Capacity

Planning of Bicycle Facilities

Design of Bicycle Facilities

Intermodality

Goals of Intermodal Transportation Systems

Park & Ride, Bike & Ride

Car Sharing, Rent-a-Bike

Planning and Design of Intermodal Facilities

VI Outlook

Sustainability

Urban Development

Technical Prospects

Future Policies

Perspectives of Future Transportation – a Short Summary

O autorze

Kay W. Axhausen is Professor of Transport Planning; Monica Menendez is Director of the Traffic Engineering Research Group; Hermann Orth is a researcher; Ulrich Weidmann is former head of Railway System Engineering at Swiss Federal Railways, and is Professor of Transport Systems and Vice President. All are at ETH-Zurich.