Analytical and Chromatographic Techniques in Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry

ISBN-13: 9781461293316 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 300 str.

Donald M. Wieland; Michael C. Tobes; Thomas J. Mangner

Opis

In 1906, Michael T. Sweet first developed the chromatographic method by using an adsorbant to separate pigments. Since that time, the technological advances in TLC and HPLC have brought about new definitions of purity in parallel with the advances. Radiopharmaceutical chemistry is especially dependent on the chromat ographic technique because of the relatively small amount of material in most radiopharmaceuticals-often so small that the usual physical methods of analytical chemistry cannot be used. As a result, this collection of papers represents the key to successful radiopharmaceutical development by setting the standard for the pres of radiochemical purity. ent-day definition William C. Eckelman, Ph.D. Diagnostics Associate Director The Squibb Institute for Medical Research New Brunswick, New Jersey Preface The chapters herein are updated and expanded versions of presentations that the authors made at a symposium held on June 4, 1984 in Los Angeles, California under the sponsorship of the Radiopharmaceutical Science Council of the Society of Nuclear Medicine. All manuscripts were refereed. The intent of the symposium organizers was to enlist participants who work on a day-to-day basis with the analytical and chromatographic techniques to be discussed at the symposium. We feel confident that this distillation of hands-on experience will be of value to graduate students as well as experienced researchers in radio pharmaceutical chemistry and related fields which use radiotracer methodology."

Spis treści

Thin-Layer Chromatography.- 1 Instrumental Evaluation of Thin-Layer Chromatograms.- Sample Application.- Mode Selection for Scanning Densitometry.- Instrumentation for Scanning Densitometry.- Instrument Parameters that Affect the Performance of Slit-Scanning Densitometers.- Protocol for Measuring the Sensitivity of a Slit-Scanning Densitometer.- Qualitative Sample Identification by HPTLC and Scanning Densitometry.- Quantitation of Separated Components by Scanning Densitometry.- Reagents Used to Enhance Fluorescence of Organic Compounds on Thin-Layer Plates.- Radiochromatography on Thin-Layer Plates.- Conclusions.- References.- 2 Radioanalytical Techniques: ITLC, TLC, Mini-Columns, and Electrophoresis.- ITLC.- Radio-TLC.- Mini-Columns.- Electrophoresis.- Conclusions.- Future Considerations.- References.- 3 Radio-Thin-Layer Chromatogram Imaging Systems—Performance and Design.- Instrumentation.- Resolution and Efficiency.- Performance and Operation of the TLC Imaging Systems.- Conclusion.- References.- 4 Detection of Radiochromatograms and Electropherograms with Position- Sensitive Wire Chambers.- The TLC Linear Analyzer.- Data Acquisition System.- Multiplate Detector.- Performance of the Linear Analyzer.- Quantitative Measurements.- Experience with the Linear Analyzer.- Determination of the Radiochemical Purity of Radiopharmaceuticals.- Summary.- References.- High Pressure Liquid Chromatography.- 5 Components for the Design of a Radio-HPLC System.- Columns and Packings.- Components of a Radio-HPLC System.- Conclusion.- References.- 6 Overall Radio-HPLC Design.- Components of the Basic System.- A More Complex Radio-HPLC System 130.- Additional Considerations.- A Specialized HPLC System.- Summary 147.- References.- 7 Quantitation of Radiolabeled Molecules Separated by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography.- Detection of HPLC-Separated Radioactive Compounds.- Detector Design.- Considerations in Use of Detector.- Applications.- Conclusion.- References.- 8 Flow Detector Designs: Build Your Own or Buy?.- Requirements.- Types of Flow Cells.- Data Acquisition and Analysis Considerations.- Conclusions.- References.- Applications.- 9 Radio-HPLC: Application to Organics and Metal Chelate Chemistry.- Stability Under HPLC Conditions.- TC-N2S2 Chelates.- Use of HPLC in Stereochemical Studies of Tc and Re Penicillamine Complexes.- HPLC in the Development and Analysis of HIDAs.- Phosphines.- Phosphonates.- Conclusions.- References.- 10 Concepts and Techniques Used in Metabolic Tracer Studies.- Requirements of Analytical Techniques for Metabolic Studies.- Applications in Tracer Kinetic Models.- Conclusions.- References.- 11. Development of No-Carrier-Added Radiopharmaceuticals with the Aid of Radio-HPLC.- Radio-HPLC.- Scaling Radiolabeling Reactions to nca Levels.- Identification of the nca Radiolabeled Compound.- Examples of nca Radiolabeling Experiments 238.- Conclusions.- References.- 12 From Cyclotron to Patient via HPLC.- HPLC Systems.- Columns.- Solvent Systems.- Dedicated vs General Instruments.- Detectors.- Pre-Columns and Filters.- Is HPLC Truly Necessary?.- Conclusions.- References.- 13 Potential Artifacts in the Chromatography of Radiopharmaceuticals.- Choice of Analytical Methods.- Radiochromatography.- Potential Artifacts/Inconsistencies in Radiochromatography.- Illustrative Examples.- Summary.- References.- 14 HPLC of Radiolabeled Antibodies.- 279.- Theory.- An HPLC System for the Analysis of Radiolabeled Antibodies.- Applications.- Discussion.- Conclusions.- References.