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This volume presents an analysis of Japan's powerful upper bureaucracy in the post-war period. The author's aim is to provide an empirical foundation for the many impressionistic accounts of Japanese bureaucracy and a systematic basis for comparative studies of bureaucracies in other countries. The study ranges from the family and geographic backgrounds of higher civil servants through their educational training and career patterns to their retirement and post-retirement activities. Throughout, the emphasis is on assembling and analyzing the kind of systematic data that provide a solid...

The concept and construct of race is often implicitly yet profoundly connected to issues of culture and identity. Meeting an urgent need for empirical and conceptual research that specifically explores critical issues of race, culture, and identities in second language education, the key questions addressed in this groundbreaking volume are these:

• How are issues of race relevant to second language education?
• How does whiteness influence students' and teachers' sense of self and instructional practices?
• How do discourses of...

This work contains the formula part of the presentation of the mathematical logic R₀, a further development of Peter B. Andrews' logic Q₀. The syntactic features provided by R₀ are type variables (polymorphic type theory), the binding of type variables with the abstraction operator and single variable binder λ (type abstraction), and (some of) the means necessary for dependent types (dependent type theory).

For more information, please see: http: //doi.org/10.4444/100.10

This two volume set LNAI 9834 and 9835 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications, ICIRA 2016, held in Tokyo, Japan, in August 2016.

The 114 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 148 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections such as Robot Control; Robot Mechanism, Robot Vision and Sensing; Planning, Localization, and Mapping; Interactive Intelligence; Cognitive Robotics; Bio-Inspired Robotics; Smart Material Based Systems; Mechatronics Systems for Nondestructive Testing;...