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From the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century, the Tokugawa shogunate enacted and enforced myriad laws and ordinances to control nearly every aspect of Japanese life, including observance of a person s death. In particular, the shoguns Tsunayoshi and Yoshimune issued strict decrees on mourning and abstention that dictated compliance throughout the land and survived the political upheaval of the Meiji Restoration to persist well into the twentieth century.

Atsuko Hirai reveals the pivotal relationship between these shogunal edicts and the legitimacy of Tokugawa rule. By...

This book presents the better understanding of infrared structures of particle scattering processes in quantum electrodynamics (QED) in four-dimensional spacetime. An S-matrix is the fundamental quantity in scattering theory. However, if a theory involves massless particles, such as QED and gravity, the conventional S-matrix has not been well defined due to the infrared divergence, and infrared dynamics thus needs to be understood in-depth to figure out the S-matrix.

The book begins with introducing fundamental nature of the charge conservation law associated with asymptotic...

This book provides an insightful and original perspective on the work and legacy of John Maynard Keynes. It explores his work as an economist, world system planner, and social philosopher to highlight the different ways he influenced economics, economic policy, and the global political economy. Particularly attention is given to the development of the ideas which led up to The General Theory, his role as a planner and negotiator within international organizations, his work on the development of the post-war UK system, his debates with British Economists.

This book examines...

Comprehensive and authoritative, this book, written by a recognized authority on the subject explores the contributions to modern economics by John Maynard Keynes and addresses neglected, yet crucial aspects of the genesis of Keynesian economics.

In this book, the author elucidates Keynes' development as an economic theoretician through an examination of his books, articles, various manuscripts, lecture notes and controversial correspondence. Departing from a narrative account and analyzing processes of theory-building and re-building which constitute Keynes's intellectual journey...