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The concept of entropy in thermodynamics is a complex one, though it is fundamental in understanding physics, the workings of the mind, and biology. Entropy is the measure of the quality of energy, and it can also refer to the turn from order to disorder or randomness in isolated systems. In open systems, such as biology, entropy is formulated in terms of production and energy flow. This book establishes a novel view of complex biological systems and the earth using this concept of entropy, encompassing the interdisciplinary area of biology, ecology and physics. This book considers the...

Working through a full growing season, from spring to autumn, the sixty-three flower varieties presented here offer a full garden of cherished blooms. From pansies and lilies-of-the-valley to poppies, zinnias, and campanulas, the flowers presented here feature buds, blooms, and roots in stunning detail and charming color combinations. As an avid gardener and seasoned embroiderer, Kazuko Aoki presents a beautiful blending of her twin passions through designs that are clearly rendered with an appreciation for intricacies and a delight...

Kazuko Aoki has a unique talent for translating the beauty of the garden with needle and thread. By offering forty motifs, Aoki invites us to explore her gardens through embroidery. The forty motifs explore the roses and wildflowers that appear season to season, as well as the bees and butterflies that enjoy their nectar. The designs here are exquisite, detailed, and artfullly rendered. Beyond the motifs themselves, Aoki also presents projects that feature the embroidery:...

This book outlines the chemical synthesis of therapeutic targets and a screening process for unexplored mirror-image single-domain antibodies (D-VHH).

This book first describes the chemical synthesis of model VHH and the characteristics of both enantiomeric VHHs, including binding activity, biodistribution and immunogenicity. Immunogenicity testing in mice demonstrated that administration of conventional L-VHH induced the generation of anti-drug antibodies while D-VHH-binding antibodies were not observed in D-VHH-immunized mice. Second, it is explained that the T7-phage-based...