Tribomaterials: Properties and Selection of Materials for Friction, Wear, and Erosion Applications

ISBN-13: 9781627083218 / Angielski / Twarda / 2021 / 477 str.

Kenneth G. Budinski;Steven T. Budinski

Opis

This book is intended to help readers reduce the unwanted costs and ramifications of friction, wear, and erosion in tribosytems by recommending engineering materials that have proven to be successful in dealing with these issues. Recommendations on which tool materials work best, what are the most abrasion-resistant plastics, where should ceramics be used, and where do lubrication and coatings fit in are included. The purpose of the book is to offer engineering material suggestions that practicing material engineers have found to work in many applications based on more than 40 years of research and testing of tribomaterials.

The first few chapters review the fundamentals of friction and how to deal with friction in design. The following chapters describe types of erosion and wear and the tests that are used to screen candidate material. All the important engineering materials (steels, cast irons, copper alloys, stainless steels, plastics/elastomer, and ceramics) receive a chapter describing their tribological characteristics and results of lab testing on candidates for applications. Surface engineering to alter contact surfaces is addressed. The book ends with a chapter on the use of lubricants to reduce friction and wear and a chapter on biotribology that summarizes important concepts and studies dealing with friction and wear in biological systems. The last chapter discusses the methodology of selecting materials for use in tribosystems.

This book is purposely written in a conversational style making it accessible to anybody who has a friction, wear, erosion, or lubrication issue that needs to be addressed. There are questions at the end of each chapter for those who would like to teach an engineering course on tribomaterials. The book is also a source of another lab’s (Bud Labs) test results for review by tribology researchers.

Spis treści

• Chapter 1 - Tribology, Tribosystems, and Related Terminology
• 1.1 Wear of Materials
• 1.2 Tribology
• 1.3 Tribomaterials
• 1.4 Terminology
• Chapter 2 - The Mechanisms and Manifestations of Friction
• 2.1 Historical Development of Concept
• 2.2 Friction Laws
• 2.3 Types of Friction and Mechanisms
• 2.4 Friction is Energy Dissipation
• 2.5 Rolling Friction
• 2.6 Friction Produced by Fluids
• 2.7 Measuring Friction Forces
• 2.8 Effect of Speed Force and Environment on Friction
• 2.9 Lubricated Friction
• Chapter 3 - Dealing with Friction in Design Engineering
• 3.1 Use of Coefficients of Friction
• 3.2 Determination of Friction Coefficients for Tribosystems
• 3.3 Rolling Friction
• 3.4 Lubricated Tribosystems
• 3.5 Metal-to-Metal Friction
• 3.6 Plastic-to-Metal and Plastic-to-Plastic Friction
• 3.7 Elastomer Friction
• 3.8 Friction of Ceramics
• 3.9 Friction Materials
• Chapter 4 - Types of Wear and Erosion and Their Mechanisms
• 4.1 The Difference Between Wear and Erosion
• 4.2 Types of Erosion
• 4.3 Types of Wear
• 4.4 Tribocorrosion
• 4.5 Biotribology
• Chapter 5 - Tribotesting
• 5.1 The Need for Tribotesting
• 5.2 Tribotesting Methodology
• 5.3 General Considerations
• 5.4 Erosion Testing
• 5.5 Adhesive Wear Testing
• 5.6 Abrasion Tests
• Chapter 6 - Tribological Properties of Copper Alloys
• 6.1 Applications
• 6.2 Mechanical Properties
• 6.3 Physical Properties
• 6.4 Forms Available
• 6.5 Friction
• 6.6 Adhesive Wear
• 6.7 Abrasive Wear
• 6.8 Erosion
• Chapter 7 - Tribological Properties of Cast Irons
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Metallurgy
• 7.3 Physical Properties
• 7.4 Mechanical Properties
• 7.5 Chemical Properties
• 7.6 Important Grades for Tribological Applications
• 7.7 Friction
• 7.8 Adhesive Wear
• 7.9 Abrasion Resistance
• 7.10 Erosion
• Chapter 8 - Tribological Properties of Steels
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Forms Available
• 8.3 Metallurgy
• 8.4 Physical Properties
• 8.5 Mechanical Properties
• 8.6 Friction
• 8.7 Adhesive Wear
• 8.8 Abrasive Wear
• 8.9 Erosion
• 8.10 Cast steels
• Chapter 9 - Tribological Properties of Stainless Steels and Other Corrosion-Resisting Metals
• 9.1 Corrosion and Wear
• 9.2 Stainless Steels
• 9.3 Other Metals Used for Corrosive Service
• 9.4 Light Metals
• Chapter 10 - Tribological Properties of Ceramics, Cermets, and Cemented Carbides
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Ceramics
• 10.3 Cermets
• 10.4 Cemented Carbides
• Chapter 11 - Tribology of Plastics and Elastomers
• 11.1 Typical Uses
• 11.2 Plastics Properties
• 11.3 Plastics for Abrasive Wear Applications
• 11.4 Friction in Plastic Tribosystems
• 11.5 Plastics for Adhesive Wear Applications
• 11.6 Plastics for Erosion Applications
• 11.7 Polymer Composites
• 11.8 Rubbers and Elastomers
• Chapter 12 - Material Modifications (Coatings, Treatments, etc.) for Tribological Applications
• 12.1 When to Use Materials Modifications
• 12.2 The Spectrum of Modifications
• 12.3 Modifications to Harden Surfaces
• 12.4 Material Modifications for Improved Lubrication
• 12.5 Treatments for Appearance
• 12.6 Treatments for Corrosion Resistance
• 12.7 Treatments for Abrasion Resistance
• 12.8 Friction
• 12.9 Adhesive Wear Treatments
• 12.10 Treatments of Erosion
• Chapter 13 - Biotribology
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Dental Tribology
• 13.3 Orthopedics
• 13.4 Sensing and Perception
• 13.5 Personal Care Products
• 13.6 Medical Devices
• 13.7 Eyewear Materials
• 13.8 Biocompatibility
• 13.9 Skin
• Chapter 14 - Tribology of Lubricants
• 14.1 Oils
• 14.2 Greases
• 14.3 Solid Lubricants
• 14.4 Metal Working Fluids
• 14.5 Traction Fluids
• 14.6 Lubrication Fundamentals
• 14.7 Lubricant Life
• Chapter 15 - Selection of Materials for Tribosystems
• 15.1 The Role of Tribology in Selection
• 15.2 Copper Alloys
• 15.3 Cast Irons
• 15.4 Steels
• 15.5 Stainless Steels and Corrosion-Resisting Metals
• 15.6 Nickel Alloys
• 15.7 Titanium Alloys
• 15.8 Gold and Silver
• 15.9 Zinc
• 15.10 Tin
• 15.11 Aluminum Alloys
• 15.12 Ceramics, Cermets and Cemented Carbides
• 15.13 Plastics and Elastomers
• 15.14 Selection of Material Modifications
• 15.15 Lubricant Selection
• 15.16 Selection Methodology
• 15.17 Use of a Selection Matrix
• Chapter 16 - Appendix