1. Introduction: Normative Transformation, Prohibitions, and International Politics; 2. A Theory of Normativity; 3. Tracing Normative Transformations; 4. Targeted Killing and Assassination; 5. Case 2: 'Enhanced Interrogation' and the Prohibition on Torture; 6. Private Military and Security Companies and the Prohibition on Mercenaries; 7. Conclusion: Normative Transformation, International Politics, and the World beyond Counterterrorism.