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Bridge structures had been predominantly analyzed and designed elastically, beginning at the year of 1971 (Since San Fernando earthquake), researchers started to study the nonlinear seismic response of bridges. There are no detailed guidelines addressing the performance of skewed highway bridges. This book presents the performance of bridges for various skew patterns and skew angles and combination of both by performing non linear seismic analysis. The three dimensional finite element analyses of straight and skew bridges with skew angles varying from 0 degrees to 60 degrees are investigated....

Shear wall is a wall that is primarily designed to resist lateral forces in its own plane. Buildings with cast-in-situ reinforced concrete shear walls are widespread in many earthquake-prone countries and regions. This type of construction has been practiced since the 1960s in urban regions for medium- to high-rise buildings (4 to 35 stories high). Use of shear wall gives a structurally efficient solution to stiffen a building. The main function of shear wall is to increase the rigidity for lateral load resistance in the tall buildings. Shear walls are commonly used as a vertical structural...