Fundamentals of Hazardous Materials Incidents

ISBN-13: 9780873713627 / Angielski / Twarda / 1990 / 472 str.

Reginald L. Campbell; Roland E. Langford; Ronald E. Langford

Opis

This book evolved from the course developed at the U.S. Department of Labor's National Mine, Health, and Safety Academy to develop the legislation that eventually became 29 CFR 1910.120.
Fundamentals of Hazardous Materials Incidents offers the reader a basic understanding of the principles involved in toxicology, federal regulations, respiratory protection, personal protective equipment, radiation, environmental considerations, industrial hygiene sampling, site safety, and chemically resistant suits. Thousands of people have been trained using this manual, now revised and available for the first time in hardcover format. The book is essential for identifying potential problems at hazardous waste sites, covers diverse topics throughout the area of hazardous materials response, and is ideal for training courses to meet 29 CFR 1910.120 requirements. Quantity discounts available.

Recenzje

"Provides an excellent introduction for waste site workers and first responders."

Spis treści

1. Introduction to Hazardous Materials Incidents -- 1.1. Purpose -- 1.2. Development -- 1.3. To the Student -- 2. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Definitions -- 2.3. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology -- 2.4. The Respiratory System -- 2.5. The Skin -- 2.6. The Digestive System -- 2.7. The Nervous System -- 2.8. The Eyes -- 2.9. The Reproductive System -- 2.10. The Endocrine System -- 2.11. The Blood Circulatory System -- 2.12. The Lymphatic System -- 2.13. The Urinary System -- 2.14. The Liver -- 2.15. Conclusion -- 2.16. Chapter Review Questions -- 3. Introduction to Toxicology -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Definitions -- 3.3. Health Hazards -- 3.4. Acute Exposures -- 3.5. Chronic Exposures -- 3.6. Toxic Classes -- 3.7. Poisoning Potential -- 3.8. Dose Response -- 3.9;. Animal Models -- 3.10. Response Curve -- 3.11. Distribution Curve -- 3.12. Analytical Limits -- 3.13. Classes of Chronic Toxins -- 3.14. Teratogens -- 3.15. Mutagens -- 3.16. Carcinogens -- 3.17. History of Cancer -- 3.18. Proven Carcinogens -- 3.19. Classes of Carcinogens -- 3.20. Fears Versus Real Concerns -- 3.21. Conclusion -- 3.22. Chapter Review Questions -- 4. Hazardous Materials -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Definitions -- 4.3. Introduction to Chemistry -- 4.4. Incompatible Chemicals -- 4.5. Chemical Safety -- 4.6. Routes of Entry -- 4.7. Dermal (Skin) Exposure -- 4.8. Respiratory Exposure -- 4.9. Digestive Exposure -- 4.10. Nervous System Exposure -- 4.11. Ocular (Eye) Exposure -- 4.12. Effects on Reproduction from Exposure -- 4.13. Effects on the Endocrine System from Exposure -- 4.14. Effects on the Circu~tory System from Exposure -- 4.15. Hepatic (Liver) Effects from Exposure -- 4.16. Urinary Effects from Exposure -- 4.17. Industrial Hygiene -- 4.18. History of Industrial Hygiene -- 4.19. Conclusion -- 4.20. Chapter Review Questions -- 5. Worker Protection -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Definitions -- 5.3. Occupational Safety and Health Act -- 5.4. Occupational Safety and Health Administration -- 5.5. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health -- 5.6. OSHA Standards -- 5.7. NIOSH Recommended Standards -- 5.8. OSHA General Industry Standards -- 5.9. OSHA Standards for Construction -- 5.10. Legal Requirements of Employers -- 5.11. Legal Requirements of Employees -- 5.12. Limitations of OSHA Standards -- 5.13. Hazardous Materials Waming and Identification Systems -- 5.14. Department of Transportation -- 5.15. Nuclear Regulatory Commission -- 5.16. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists -- 5.17. National Fire Protection Association -- 5.18. American National Standards Institute -- 5.19. International Waming Systems -- 5.20. International Air Transport Association -- 5.21. International Maritime Organization -- 5.22. Limitations of Warning Systems -- 5.23. Values of Warning Systems -- 5.24. Conclusion -- 5.25. Chapter Review Questions -- 6. Environmental Protection -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Definitions -- 6.3. Intent of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 -- 6.4. Elements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act -- 6.5. What is a Hazardous Waste? -- 6.6. Hazardous Waste Identification -- 6. 7. Standards Applicable to Generators -- 6.8. Standards Applicable to Transporters -- 6.9. Standards Applicable to Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities -- 6.10. Benefits from RCRA -- 6.11. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 -- 6.12. Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 -- 6.13. National Priorities List -- 6.14. Sites Encountered in Cleanup Operations -- 6.15. Leaking Underground Tanks -- 6.16. Conclusion -- 6.17. Chapter Review Questions -- 7. Hazard Communication and Medical Surveillance -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. OSHA Hazard Communication Standard -- 7.3. Reasons for the Standard -- 7.4. Relation of MSDSs to SARA -- 7.5. MSDSs -- 7.6. Problems with the MSDS -- 7.7. Value of the MSDS -- 7.8. Posting of MSDSs -- 7.9. Elements of a Hazard Communication Program -- 7.10. Training -- 7.11. Medical Surveillance -- 7.12. Preemployment Physical Assessment -- 7.13. Periodic Physical Examinations -- 7.14. Biological Exposure Indices® -- 7.15. Postemployment Physical Examinations -- 7.16. Occupations Requiring Medical Surveillance -- 7.17. Conclusion -- 7.18. Chapter Review Questions -- 8. Factors Affecting Response /Site Personnel -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Heat -- 8.3. Cold -- 8.4. Oxygen Deficiency -- 8.5. Unusual Factors that Might be Encountered -- 8.6. Safety Considerations -- 8.7. Personal Hygiene -- 8.8. Alcohol and Medication -- 8.9. The Buddy System -- 8.10. Response Team Safety Plan -- 8.11. Communications -- 8.12. Decontamination -- 8.13. Conclusion -- 8.14. Chapter Review Questions -- 9. Classification of Hazardous Materials -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Hazardous Materials -- 9.3. Hazardous Waste -- 9.4. Multiple Hazards -- 9.5. Classifications of Hazards -- 9.6. Explosives -- 9.7. Flammables and Combustibles -- 9.8. Poisons -- 9.9. Radioactive Materials -- 9.10. Corrosive Materials -- 9.11. Oxidizers -- 9.12. Etiological Agents -- 9.13. Irritating Agents -- 9.14. Organic Peroxides -- 9.15. Asphyxiants -- 9.16. Identification of Hazardous Materials -- 9.17. United Nations Hazard Classes -- 9.18. Color Coding -- 9.19. Compressed Gases-Medical -- 9.20. Compressed Gases-Commercial -- 9.21. Color Coding of Barrels -- 9.22. Labels -- 9.23. Bill of Lading -- 9.24. Placarding -- 9.25. National Response Center -- 9.26. CHEMTREC -- 9.27. Conclusion -- 9.28. Chapter Review Questions -- 10. Incident Command System -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Responsibilities of the Incident Commander -- 10.3. Incident Command Checklist -- 10.4. Cessation of Response -- 10.5. Conclusion -- 10.6. Chapter Review Questions -- 11. Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Types of Personal Protective Clothing -- 11.3. Fire Fighting -- 11.4. Proximity or Approach Garments -- 11.5. Flotation Gear -- 11.6. Blast and Fragmentation Suits -- 11.7. Antiradiation Suits -- 11.8. Cooling Gannents -- 11.9. Chemical-Protective Clothing -- 11.10. Fully Encapsulating Suits -- 11.11. Nonencapsulating Suits -- 11.12. Selection of Protective Clothing -- 11.13. Permeation -- 11.14. Durability -- 11.15. Flexibility -- 11.16. Temperature -- 11.17. Ease of Decontamination -- 11.18. Compatibility with Other Equipment -- 11.19. Duration -- 11.20. Levels of Protection -- 11.21. Level A -- 11.22. Level B -- 11.23. Level C -- 11.24. Level D -- 11.25. Determination of Level of Protection -- 11.26. Components and Criteria for Selecting Level A Personal Protective Equipment -- 11.27. Components and Criteria for Selecting Level B Personal Protective Equipment -- 11.28. Components and Criteria for Selecting Level C Personal Protective Equipment -- 11.29. Components and Criteria for Selecting Level D Personal Protective Equipment -- 11.30. Conclusion -- 11.31. Chapter Review Questions -- 12. Pesticide Incidents -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Routes of Entry -- 12.3. Personal Protective Equipment -- 12.4. Symptoms of Pesticide Poisoning -- 12.5. Reactions from Specific Pesticides -- 12.6. First Aid -- 12.7. Conclusion -- 12.8. Chapter Review Questions -- 13. Equipment Decontamination -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Equipment Maintenance -- 13.3. Personal Hygiene -- 13.4. Emergency Repairs -- 13.5. Maintenance on Contaminated Equipment -- 13.6. Field Decontamination -- 13.7. Air Filters /Oil Filters /Engine Oil -- 13.8. Field Repairs -- 13.9. Welding -- 13.10. Tools and Components Used in Field Maintenance -- 13.11. Powered Hand Tools -- 13.12. Clean Work Area -- 13.13. Conclusion -- 13.14. Chapter Review Questions -- 14. Radiation and Radioactivity -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Definitions -- 14.3. Types of Radiation -- 14.4. Electromagnetic Radiation -- 14.5. Radioactivity -- 14.6. Alpha Radiation -- 14.7. Beta Radiation -- 14.8. Gamma Radiation -- 14.9. Neutron Radiation -- 14.10. Protection from Radiation -- 14.11. Effects of Ionizing Radiation -- 14.12. Background Radiation -- 14.13. Conclusion -- 14.14. Chapter Review Questions -- 15. Incident /Site Monitoring -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. Rationale for Using Monitoring Equipment -- 15.3. Utilization of Air-Monitoring Instruments -- 15.4. General Construction Specifications -- 15.5. Guidelines for Instrument Usage -- 15.6. Inherent Safety -- 15.7. Radiological Monitoring Instruments -- 15.8. Oxygen-Availability Instruments -- 15.9. Combustibility-Monitoring Equipment -- 15.10. Corrosivity Monitoring -- 15.11. Site Monitoring -- 15.12. Air Surveillance -- 15.13. Benefits of Monitoring -- 15.14. Monitoring Considerations -- 15.15. Direct-Reading Instruments -- 15.16. Air-Monitoring Instruments -- 15.17. Mobile Laboratory -- 15.18. Periodic Monitoring -- 15.19. Personal Monitoring -- 15.20. Types of Personal Monitors -- 15.21. Gas and Vapor Sampling -- 15.22. Gas Detectors -- 15.23. Weather Considerations -- 15.24. Temperature -- 15.25. Wind Speed -- 15.26. Rainfall -- 15.27. Moisture -- 15.28. Barometric Pressure -- 15.29. Weather Watching -- 15.30. Natural or Biological Hazards -- 15.31. Conclusion -- 15.32. Chapter Review Questions -- 16. Respiratory Protection -- 16.1. Introduction -- 16.2. Types of Respirators -- 16.3. Air-Purifying Respirators -- 16.4. Powered Air-Purifying Respirators -- 16.5. Atmosphere-Supplying Respirators -- 16.6. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus -- 16.7. Operational Modes of SCBA -- 16.8. Operational Limitations of SCBA -- 16.9. Wearing an SCBA During a Response or on a Site -- 16.10. Conservation of Air -- 16.11. Your Air Runs Out! -- 16.12. Regulator Malfunction -- 16.13. Egress -- 16.14. Training -- 16.15. Medical Examinations -- 16.16. Respiratory Protection Program -- 16.17. Conclusion -- 16.18. Chapter Review Questions -- 17. Conclusion -- References -- Appendix A: Information Resources -- Appendix B: OSHA Offices -- Appendix C: RCRA ''D" Hazardous Wastes (Wastes Listed According to Characteristics) -- Appendix D: RCRA "F'' Hazardous Wastes (Wastes Listed According to Source) -- Appendix E: RCRA "P" Hazardous Wastes (Extremely Toxic Wastes) -- Appendix F: RCRA "U" Hazardous Wastes (Toxic Wastes) -- Appendix G: Nuclear Regulatory Commission Offices -- Appendix H: The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Community Right-to-Know Regulations -- Appendix I: 29 CFR Parts 1910, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1926, and 1928: Hazard Communication; Final Rule -- Appendix J: 29 CFR Part 1910: Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response; Final Rule -- Appendix K: Title m List of Lists -- Glossary -- Index.

O autorze

Mr. Campbell was born in Hartford, Connecticut. His undergraduate degree was from Fairmont State College, Fairmont, West Virginia, and Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut. He received his Masters of Science from Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia. He was an Assistant Professor of Medicine, Hahnemann Medical College of Allied Health Sciences, and instructor of Occupational Health at the U.S. Department of Labor's National Mine Health and Safety Academy, Beckley, West Virginia. He is presently Chief Executive Officer of Campbell Associates, Inc., 533 Suffolk Drive, Sierra Vista, Arizona, a consulting firm specializing in occupational safety and health issues. Mr. Campbell is noted in several biographical references, including Who's Who in the Southwest, Who's Who in the World, and Personalities of the Americas. Dr. Langford was born in Owensboro, Kentucky and grew up in Savannah, Georgia. He received an A.A. from Armstrong State College in 1965, a B.S. in chemistry and physics from Georgia Southern College in 1967, and an M.S. in solution thermodynamics in 1971 and a Ph.D. in physical geochemistry in 1974, both from the University of Georgia under a National Defense Education Act Fellowship. He taught chemistry, geology, environmental chemistry, and physical science at the Savannah Science Museum, Bainbridge College, Georgia Military College, and Georgia Southern College before becoming the Chief of Clinical Chemistry at the U.S. Army Academy of Health Sciences. Following that assignment, Dr. Langford served as a consultant in hazardous waste management at the U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency and then as Commander of the Environmental Sanitation Detachment in Taegu, Korea for the U.S. Army's 5th Preventive Medicine Unit. In Korea, he served as an adjunct faculty member to the University of Maryland. Upon his return to the U.S., he became Chief of Environmental Health at Fort Huachuca, Arizona and Preventive Medicine Officer for the U.S. Army Information Systems Command. Dr. Langford has served as a Judge at the Westinghouse International Science Fair, a member of the review panel for the National Science Foundation's Comprehensive Assistance to Undergraduate Science Education, a member of the scientific review panel for the Hazardous Substances Databank of the National Library of Medicine, and a consultant to the International Union of Operating Engineers. He is a Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH), Certified Hazardous Materials Specialist (CHMS), Registered Sanitarian (RS), Fellow of the American Institute of Chemists (FAIC), Diplomate of the American Academy of Sanitarians, and Engineer-in-Training (EIT). He is author or coauthor of some twenty papers in thermodynamics, geochemistry, and hazardous materials and is listed in thirteen biographical references, including Who's Who in the World and Who's Who of Emerging Leaders. In 1988, he enrolled at the University of .Nbrlh Carolina - Chapel Hill to work toward a Ph.D. in radiological hygiene.