Organ and Species Specificity in Chemical Carcinogenesis

ISBN-13: 9781468444025 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 693 str.

Robert Langenbach

Opis

The Symposium on Organ and Species Specificity in Chemical Carcinogenesis was held March 1981 in Raleigh, North Carolina. Dr. James Miller concluded this Symposium with these remarks: "Without a doubt all of us would agree this has been a very successful symposium in illustrating a very wide range of chemical, stereochemical, biochemical, metabolic, molecular, and biological factors in chemical carcinogenesis. I think it is noteworthy that many of the discussions have dealt with pharmacodynamic, or toxicodynamic, factors that can influence the biological activities of the extremely wide range of structures that we choose to call chemical carcinogens. I sincerely hope that after this symposium everyone here will realize the very great need we have for further information on these agents in the species we profess to be working for, the human species. We badly need an adequate data base on human organs, human tissues, human cells, human subcellular preparations, and human body fluids. I don't think we can rely on extrapolations of data on chemical carcinogenesis from experimental animals to humans, no matter how sophisticated or plausible these extrapolations may seem, until we know far more about chemical carcinogenesis in humans. Now, I'd like to add a somewhat personal note. As many of you know, my wife and I have shared a joint career of some 40 years in this field, and I'd like to emphasize in these closing remarks the factor of youth.

Spis treści

The Nature of Organ Specificity in Chemical Carcinogenesis.- Species Differences in Response to Aromatic Amines.- Aflatoxin B1: Correlations of Patterns of Metabolism and DNA Modification with Biological Effects.- Species Specificity in Nitrosamine Carcinogenesis.- Organ Specificity and Interspecies Differences in Carcinogenesis by Metabolism-Independent Alkylating Agents.- Organ and Species Specificity in Nickel Subsulfide Carcinogenesis.- Chemical Carcinogenesis Studies in Nonhuman Primates.- Organ Specificity and Tumor Promotion.- Skin Tumor Promotion: A Comparative Study of Several Stocks and Strains of Mice.- The Role of Phorbol Ester Receptor Binding in Response to Promoters by Mouse and Human Cells.- Tissue and Species Specificity for Phorbol Ester Receptors.- Liver as a Model System for Analyzing Mechanisms of Tumor Initiation and Promotion.- Promotion of Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis.- Species and Organ Differences in the Biotransformation of Chemical Carcinogens.- Species Heterogeneity in the Metabolic Processing of Benzo[a]pyrene.- Endocrine Regulation of Xenobiotic Conjugation Enzymes.- Multiple Effects and Metabolism of ?-Naphthoflavone in Induced and Uninduced Hepatic Microsomes.- Species Differences in the Activation of Benzo[a]pyrene in the Tracheal Epithelium of Rats and Hamsters.- Subcellular Metabolic Activation Systems: Their Utility and Limitations in Predicting Organ and Species Specific Carcinogenesis of Chemicals.- Cell-Mediated Mutagenesis, an Approach to Studying Organ Specificity of Chemical Carcinogens.- The Activation of Carcinogens by Mammary Cells: Inter-Organ and Intra-Organ Specificity.- Studies on the Mode of Action of Chemical Carcinogens in Cultured Mammalian Cells.- Comparison of the Sensitivity of Rodent and Human Cells to Chemical Carcinogens Using Viral Transformation, DNA Damage, and Cytotoxicity Assays.- Tissue-Specific Sister Chromatid Exchange Analyses in Mutagen-Carcinogen Exposed Animals.- Metabolism of Chemical Carcinogens by Tracheobronchial Tissues.- Introduction: DNA Damage and Repair.- DNA Modification and Repair In Vivo: Towards a Biochemical Basis of Organ-Specific Carcinogenesis by Methylating Agents.- Modification of DNA Repair Processes Induced by Nitrosamines.- Repair of Alkylated DNA Cell Extracts from Various Organs and Species.- Time-Dependent Differences in the Benzo[a]pyrene-DNA Adducts Present in Cell Cultures from Different Species.- DNA Binding as a Probe for Metabolic Activation in Various Systems.- Cell Specificity in DNA Damage and Repair.- DNA Adduct Formation and Removal in N-Acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene-Exposed Cells and in Organs from Rats Fed 2-Acetylaminofluorene.- Trans-Species and Trans-Tissue Extrapolation of Carcinogenicity Assays.- Carcinogenic Risk Assessment — The Consequences of Believing Models.- Author Index.