Hydrodynamics and Transport for Water Quality Modeling

ISBN-13: 9780873716123 / Angielski / Twarda / 1998 / 816 str.

James Lenial Martin; Ribert W. Schottman; Martin L. Martin

Opis

Presenting an overview of methods used to describe or predict transport in aquatic systems, this text places special emphasis on water quality modelling. It begins with an overview of the basic principles and an introduction to the measurement and analysis of flow. Each chapter examines a variety of modelling approaches, while also looking at rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs and estuaries.

Spis treści

SECTION I. FUNDAMENTALS Chapter 1. Fundamental Relationships for Flow and Transport Mechanistic versus Empirical Modeling General Principles Physical Properties of Water Instantaneous Equations for Fluid Flow and Transport Reynolds Time-Averaged Mean Flow and Transport Equations Model Complexity: Selection and Development Data Requirements Definitions Dimensionless Numbers Chapter 2. Measurement and Analysis of Flow Introduction Measurement of Velocity and Flow Measurement of Stage Computation of Discharge Tracer Studies Estimating Design Flows Appendices SECTION II. RIVERS AND STREAMS Chapter 3. Flow Models for Rivers and Streams Introduction Flow Model Complexity Data Requirements Estimating Mixing in Streams and Rivers Chapter 4. Non-Hydraulic Methods for Flow Estimation Flow Relationships Hydrologic Routing Methods Chapter 5. Hydraulic Methods for Steady Flows Steady, Uniform Flows Hydraulic Methods for Steady, Non-Uniform Flows Chapter 6. Hydraulic Methods for Unsteady Flows Introduction Solution Techniques Unsteady Flow Methods Kinematic-Wave Model Chapter 7. Solutions of Complete Unsteady Flow Models Explicit Solution of a Link-Node Model Implicit Solution Using the Four-Point Method SECTION III. LAKES AND RESERVOIRS Chapter 8. Stratification and Heat Transfer in Lakes and Reservoirs Introduction to Lakes and Reservoirs Origin and Characteristics of Lakes and Reservoirs Stratification in Lakes and Reservoirs Temperature Simulation Ice Formation and Cover Chapter 9. Mixing in Lakes and Reservoirs Introduction Inflow Mixing Processes Outflow Mixing Processes Mixing by Wind, Waves, Convective Cooling, and Coriolis Forces Reservoir Management and Mixing Processes Chapter 10. Water Balances and Multidimensional Models Introduction Water Balance for Lakes and Reservoirs Zero-Dimensional or Box Models of Lake and Reservoir Quality One-Dimensional, Longitudinal Models of Lakes and Reservoirs One-Dimensional, Vertical Models of Lakes and Reservoirs Two-Dimensional (Laterally Averaged) Models Two-Dimensional Depth Averaged Models Three-Dimensional Models SECTION IV. ESTUARIES Chapter 11. Introduction to Estuaries Introduction General Characteristics of Estuaries Classification Schemes Chapter 12. Factors Affecting Transport and Mixing in Estuaries Introduction Tides The Coriolis Force Fresh Water Inflow Meteorological Effects Bathymetry Model Complexity Chapter 13. Turbulent Mixing and Dispersion in Estuaries Eddy Viscosity and Diffusivity Dispersion in Estuaries Estimation of Mixing Terms Chapter 14. Tidally Averaged Estuarine Models Introduction Fraction of Freshwater Method Modified Tidal Prism Method Pritchard's Method Lung and O'Connor's Method Computing Tidal Transport from Measured or Predicted Velocities Chapter 15. Dynamic Modeling of Estuaries Introduction Factors Distinguishing Modeling Approaches One-Dimensional Models of Estuaries Two-Dimensional (Horizontal Plane) Models Two-Dimensional (Vertical Plane) Models Three-Dimensional Models Coupling Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Models Appendices

O autorze

Martin, James L.; McCutcheon, Steven C.