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In the year 1400 the princes of Europe sympathetically were much bestirred, fearing the imminent fall of Constantinople and the extinction of the Eastern Empire. The Ottoman Sultan Bazayid (otherwise Bajazet) was already in possession of almost the whole of what subsequently became Turkey in Europe. The Emperor Manuel still was lord of Constantinople, but beyond the city walls possessed a mere strip of territory along the north coast of the Sea of Marmora, and extending to the Black Sea, a strip some fifty miles in length but under thirty in breadth. Four years before (September 1396) an...

This encyclopedia contains individual histories of each of the nearly 100 World s Fairs and expositions held in more than 20 countries since 1851. This is a thorough revision and updating of the book originally published as A Historical Dictionary of World s Fairs and Expositions in 1990. The new entries include essays on the world s fairs to be held in Zaragoza, Spain, in 2008 and in Shanghai, China, in 2010. Many of the original essays have been revised and expanded. Topics covered include goods, tourism, nationalistic competition, architecture, art and culture, and exhibition...