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Metaphysics, almost entirely neglected by experimental philosophers, is the central focus of Experimental Metaphysics. The volume brings together a range of views aimed at addressing the question of how cognitive science might be relevant to metaphysics. With contributions from cognitive scientists and philosophers, chapters focus on theoretical and empirical issues involving the potential role of cognitive science in metaphysics. Alongside topics such as free will, objects and causation, in which relevant empirical evidence is discussed and connected to relevant metaphysical issues,...

In medicine, there is a clear trend towards individualized therapies, for cancer and other diseases. Individualized treatment planning for cancer, particularly in radiotherapy and light therapies, is a complex optimization problem. As analytical inverse planning solutions do not exist for light therapies, a large number of light delivery configurations must be evaluated to find one that best conforms to the clinical target (e.g., a tumour). An integral part of this optimization is the accurate computation of light dose, ideally using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for realistic, 3-D modelling....