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The present research work is divided into four chapters which mainly focusing on the development and application of novel protocols for the synthesis of various functionalized aryl nitriles, N-Boc protected amines, pyrazoles and quinoxalines. The first chapter deals with Catalyst-free, efficient and one pot protocol for synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes using glycerol as green solvent. This protocol was efficiently used for transformation of aromatic aldehydes bearing electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups into aryl nitriles in good to excellent yields. The methodology offers a...

Development of a bio-fuels industry in a developed and developing nations has the potential to increase food and land prices and the IEA has indicated that the relationship between agricultural and petroleum economics is so complicated that it introduces a high degree of uncertainty in cost-benefit ratio analyses of the development of the biofuels industry.However use of degradable resources such as algae, agricultural field crops and low cost processing conversion technologies may eliminate this problem. The benefits for developing countries' economies depend on low cost processing methods,...

CDMA is analogy where two people speaking the same language can understand each other, but not other people. Similarly in CDMA technique each user use same channel which is associated with a particular code can understand each other. Orthogonal spreading codes for CDMA used to avoid spoofing. . Spoofing is the act of falsely or maliciously introducing misleading or false traffic or messages to a network.orthogonal spreading code in CDMA has ability to avoid unauthorized network to listen in to a network and use information from the network without being a valid network member or participant....