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The Survey of India was established as Survey of Bengal in 1767, and the post of Surveyor General of India is one of the longest-standing scientific roles in the world. For more than 250 years, it has made contributions in the field of surveying and mapping, as well as wider contributions to geography, geology and earth sciences. Mount Everest, the world's highest peak, was named after Sir George Everest, Surveyor General of India, 1830 - 1843. The author's time as Surveyor General of India in 2001 to 2005 was the first time that a Geographer held this historic post. Transformative changes...

Until recently, the world has been preoccupied with over-population, pressure on resources, alarming growth rates, fertility and unemployment. Issues like reduction in population growth rate, increasing longevity, the greying population, reducing fertility rates and overall depopulation have not been considered seriously. Depopulation has led to redistribution. Further, the world economy forces women to choose between career and child. COVID-19 has further aggravated the situation. It appears that population processes are smooth with no major upheavals. But, if we delve deeper, we will find...