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The Iron Rhine Arbitration (or 'Jzeren Rijn' as it is known in Dutch) decided, in 2005, a dispute between the Kingdom of Belgium and the Kingdom of the Netherlands concerning the reactivation of the Iron Rhine railway linking the port of Antwerp, Belgium, to the Rhine Basin in Germany across certain parts of Dutch territory. The Arbitral Tribunal was called upon to interpret nineteenth-century treaties, which granted certain rights to Belgium on the territory of the Netherlands, and to consider the entitlement of the Netherlands to insist on conditions specified under Dutch law, particularly...

FOREWORD This volume contains the Award rendered in 2004 in one of the few inter- tional watercourse arbitrations ever conducted, by the arbitral tribunal est- lished to decide the dispute between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of France concerning the auditing of accounts in relation to the red- tion of chloride discharges into the Rhine River. In 1976, five countries bord- ing the Rhine (France, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Luxembourg and Germany) signed the Convention on the Protection of the Rhine against Pollution by Ch- rides, with the aim of reducing the level of...

FOREWORD This volume contains the Award of the Arbitral Tribunal established under the dispute resolution provisions of the 1992 Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic ( OSPAR Convention ), to consider an international environmental dispute between Ireland and the United Kingdom which dates back to the early 1990s. The dispute concerns alleged potential radioactive pollution of the Irish Sea from a mixed oxide ( MOX ) manufacturing plant at Sellafield, England. The OSPAR Arbitration was the first round of the notable MOX Plant Case. Ireland...