High Efficiency RF and Microwave Solid State Power Amplifiers

ISBN-13: 9780470513002 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 520 str.

Paolo Colantonio; Franco Giannini; Ernesto Limiti

Opis

Do you want to know how to design high efficiency RF and microwave solid state power amplifiers? Read this book to learn the main concepts that are fundamental for optimum amplifier design. Practical design techniques are set out, stating the pros and cons for each method presented in this text. In addition to novel theoretical discussion and workable guidelines, you will find helpful running examples and case studies that demonstrate the key issues involved in power amplifier (PA) design flow. Highlights include:

• Clarification of topics which are often misunderstood and misused, such as bias classes and PA nomenclatures.
• The consideration of both hybrid and monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs).
• Discussions of switch-mode and current-mode PA design approaches and an explanation of the differences.
• Coverage of the linearity issue in PA design at circuit level, with advice on low distortion power stages.
• Analysis of the hot topic of Doherty amplifier design, plus a description of advanced techniques based on multi-way and multi-stage architecture solutions.

High Efficiency RF and Microwave Solid State Power Amplifiers is:

• an ideal tutorial for MSc and postgraduate students taking courses in microwave electronics and solid state circuit/device design;
• a useful reference text for practising electronic engineers and researchers in the field of PA design and microwave and RF engineering.

With its unique unified vision of solid state amplifiers, you won't find a more comprehensive publication on the topic.

Spis treści

Preface.

About the Authors.

Acknowledgments.

1 Power Amplifier Fundamentals.

1.1 Introduction.

1.2 Definition of Power Amplifier Parameters.

1.3 Distortion Parameters.

1.4 Power Match Condition.

1.5 Class of Operation.

1.6 Overview of Semiconductors for PAs.

1.7 Devices for PA.

1.8 Appendix: Demonstration of Useful Relationships.

1.9 References.

2 Power Amplifier Design.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Design Flow.

2.3 Simplified Approaches.

2.4 The Tuned Load Amplifier.

2.5 Sample Design of a Tuned Load PA.

2.6 References.

3 Nonlinear Analysis for Power Amplifiers.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Linear vs. Nonlinear Circuits.

3.3 Time Domain Integration.

3.4 Example.

3.5 Solution by Series Expansion.

3.6 The Volterra Series.

3.7 The Fourier Series.

3.8 The Harmonic Balance.

3.9 Envelope Analysis.

3.10 Spectral Balance.

3.11 Large Signal Stability Issue.

3.12 References.

4 Load Pull.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Passive Source/Load Pull Measurement Systems.

4.3 Active Source/Load Pull Measurement Systems.

4.4 Measurement Test–sets.

4.5 Advanced Load Pull Measurements.

4.6 Source/Load Pull Characterization.

4.7 Determination of Optimum Load Condition.

4.8 Appendix: Construction of Simplified Load Pull Contours through Linear Simulations.

4.9 References.

5 High Efficiency PA Design Theory.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Power Balance in a PA.

5.3 Ideal Approaches.

5.4 High Frequency Harmonic Tuning Approaches.

5.5 High Frequency Third Harmonic Tuned (Class F).

5.6 High Frequency Second Harmonic Tuned.

5.7 High Frequency Second and Third Harmonic Tuned.

5.8 Design by Harmonic Tuning.

5.9 Final Remarks.

5.10 References.

6 Switched Amplifiers.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 The Ideal Class E Amplifier.

6.3 Class E Behavioural Analysis.

6.4 Low Frequency Class E Amplifier Design.

6.5 Class E Amplifier Design with 50% Duty–cycle.

6.6 Examples of High Frequency Class E Amplifiers.

6.7 Class E vs. Harmonic Tuned.

6.8 Class E Final Remarks.

6.9 Appendix: Demonstration of Useful Relationships.

6.10 References.

7 High Frequency Class F Power Amplifiers.

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Class F Description Based on Voltage Wave–shaping.

7.3 High Frequency Class F Amplifiers.

7.4 Bias Level Selection.

7.5 Class F Output Matching Network Design.

7.6 Class F Design Examples.

7.7 References.

8 High Frequency Harmonic Tuned Power Amplifiers.

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Theory of Harmonic Tuned PA Design.

8.3 Input Device Nonlinear Phenomena: Theoretical Analysis.

8.4 Input Device Nonlinear Phenomena: Experimental Results.

8.5 Output Device Nonlinear Phenomena.

8.6 Design of a Second HT Power Amplifier.

8.7 Design of a Second and Third HT Power Amplifier.

8.8 Example of 2nd HT GaN PA.

8.9 Final Remarks.

8.10 References.

9 High Linearity in Efficient Power Amplifiers.

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Systems Classification.

9.3 Linearity Issue.

9.4 Bias Point Influence on IMD.

9.5 Harmonic Loading Effects on IMD.

9.6 Appendix: Volterra Analysis Example.

9.7 References.

10 Power Combining.

10.1 Introduction.

10.2 Device Scaling Properties.

10.3 Power Budget.

10.4 Power Combiner Classification.

10.5 The T–junction Power Divider.

10.6 Wilkinson Combiner.

10.7 The Quadrature (90 ) Hybrid.

10.8 The 180 Hybrid (Ring Coupler or Rat–race).

10.9 Bus–bar Combiner.

10.10 Other Planar Combiners.

10.11 Corporate Combiners.

10.12 Resonating Planar Combiners.

10.13 Graceful Degradation.

10.14 Matching Properties of Combined PAs.

10.15 Unbalance Issue in Hybrid Combiners.

10.16 Appendix: Basic Properties of Three–port Networks.

10.17 References.

11 The Doherty Power Amplifier.

11.1 Introduction.

11.2 Doherty s Idea.

11.3 The Classical Doherty Configuration.

11.4 The AB–C Doherty Amplifier Analysis.

11.5 Power Splitter Sizing.

11.6 Evaluation of the Gain in a Doherty Amplifier.

11.7 Design Example.

11.8 Advanced Solutions.

11.9 References.

Index.

O autorze

Paolo Colantonio was born in Rome on March 1969 and he received Electronic Engineering and Ph.D degrees in Microelectronics and Telecommunications from the University of Roma Tor Vergata in 1994 and 2000 respectively, working on design criteria for high efficiency power amplifiers. In 1999 he became a research assistant at the Electronic Engineering Department of the University of Roma Tor Vergata and since 2002 he has been a professor of microwave electronics at the same university.
His research activities are mainly focused on the field of microwave and millimetre–wave electronics, and in particular on design criteria for nonlinear microwave subsystems. This activity resulted in the development of innovative design criteria for high efficiency and high linear power amplifiers, oriented to the optimization of power performance making use of harmonic tuning classes of operation. The results of such activities have been presented in major conferences and ublished in international journals.
Paolo Colantonio has been responsible for the work package activity on power amplifier design overview in the VI–FP European Network of Excellence TARGET (January 2004 June 2005) and general chairman of the international event First TARGET NoE Workshop on RF Power Amplifiers , held in Orvieto, Italy 2005.
He is author or co–author of more than 120 papers on PA design published in refereed journals or international conference proceedings and he has been awarded Best Poster Paper at GAAS 2000 ( IMD performances of harmonically tuned microwave power amplifiers) and Best Paper at EuMIC 2007 ( A 6W Uneven Doherty Power Amplifier in GaN Technology).

Franco Giannini was born in Galatina (LE), on November 9, 1944, and graduated in Electronics Engineering, summa cum laude in 1968, before getting the chair of Full Professor of Applied Electronics in 1980. In 2008 he was awarded the Laurea Honoris Causa Scientiarum Technicarum degree by the Warsaw University of Technology (WUT), Poland.
Since 1981 he has been at the University of Roma Tor Vergata , where he has been serving as Head of Department, Vice President for International Affairs, Pro–Rector, and Dean of the Faculty of Electronics Engineering. He presently chairs theMicrowave Engineering Centre for Space Applications (MECSA).
He has been working on modelling, characterization and design methodologies of active and passive microwave components and circuits, including MICs and MMICs for telecommunication and space applications, authoring or co–authoring more than 400 scientific contributions.
He chaired the theme MMICs of the national project MADESS I of the CNR and was a member of the Management Board of MADESS II, chairman of the theme MMICs of the National Project MICROELECTRONICS, and member of the Board of Directors of the Italian Space Agency (ASI).
He has also been active in many European Projects, and was the Italian representative in the European Working Group for GaAs Microelectronics . He has been acting as consultant for various national and international organizations, including the ITU for the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), and the European Union for ESPRIT, LTR, ISTC projects. He has been chairman of various International Symposia on Microwave & MillimetreWave Techniques and is a member of many committees of international scientific conferences.
In 1996 Professor Giannini was awarded the Irena Galewska Kielbasinski Prize by the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany, and an Honorary Professorship by WUT, Poland, in 2001.

Ernesto Limiti has been Full Professor of Electronics at the University of Roma Tor Vergata since 2002, after being associate professor and researcher at the same university since 1991.
He teaches undergraduate courses in microwave electronics, namely Microwave Electronics (basic) andMicrowave Instrumentation and Measurements, all of them at the LaureaMagistrale in the Electronic Engineering degree course (i.e. towards students with at least three years experience at the university). He also teaches MSc and PhD courses, both at the University of Roma Tor Vergata and at other Italian universities.
His scientific interests encompass a broad range of topics, including microwave active device characterization and modelling, regarding both linear (small–signal and noise) and nonlinear regimes and microwave subsystems design methodologies. Regarding the latter, high efficiency power amplifier design methodologies have been his focus since 1992, oriented towards power performance optimization making use of harmonic tuning operating classes. This research topic has been investigated also in the frame of European research projects, e.g. Manpower, Edge, and others. The results on the work in high efficiency power amplifier design approaches have been presented in major conferences and published in international journals.
Ernesto Limiti is author or co–author of more than 200 papers appearing in refereed journals or international conference proceedings. He is a member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Microwave and Millimetre–Wave CAE (Wiley Interscience), serving also as a reviewer for various IEEE Transactions and IET Journals.
He has been general chairman and organizer of the 2004 international workshop on Integrated Nonlinear Microwave and Millimetre–wave Circuits (INMMiC 2004) as well as the 11th International Symposium on Microwave and Optical Technology (ISMOT 2007).