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What was the Enlightenment? Though many scholars have attempted to solve this riddle, none has made as much use of contemporary answers as Dan Edelstein does here. In seeking to recover where, when, and how the concept of the Enlightenment first emerged, Edelstein departs from genealogies that trace it back to political and philosophical developments in England and the Dutch Republic. According to Edelstein, by the 1720s scholars and authors in France were already employing a constellation of terms such as "l esprit philosophique" to describe what we would today call the Enlightenment. But...

Natural right the idea that there is a collection of laws and rights based not on custom or belief but that are natural in origin is typically associated with liberal politics and freedom. In "The Terror of Natural Right," Dan Edelstein argues that the revolutionaries used the natural right concept of the enemy of the human race an individual who has transgressed the laws of nature and must be executed without judicial formalities to authorize three-quarters of the deaths during the Terror. Edelstein further contends that the Jacobins shared a political philosophy that he calls natural...

What was the Enlightenment? Though many scholars have attempted to solve this riddle, none has made as much use of contemporary answers as Dan Edelstein does here. In seeking to recover where, when, and how the concept of the Enlightenment first emerged, Edelstein departs from genealogies that trace it back to political and philosophical developments in England and the Dutch Republic. According to Edelstein, by the 1720s scholars and authors in France were already employing a constellation of terms such as "l esprit philosophique" to describe what we would today call the Enlightenment. But...

Natural right the idea that there is a collection of laws and rights based not on custom or belief but that are natural in origin is typically associated with liberal politics and freedom. In "The Terror of Natural Right," Dan Edelstein argues that the revolutionaries used the natural right concept of the enemy of the human race an individual who has transgressed the laws of nature and must be executed without judicial formalities to authorize three-quarters of the deaths during the Terror. Edelstein further contends that the Jacobins shared a political philosophy that he calls natural...