Diabetes Guide

ISBN-13: 9783540544296 / Angielski / Miękka / 1992 / 121 str.

Klaus Johansen; MD Sam Dagogo-Jack

Opis

Diabetes Guide adopts a novel "non-textual" approach to the dissemination ofcomprehensive, up-to-date information on the theory and practice of diabetology. This has been achieved through the liberal use of tables, diagrams, flowsheets, summaries and annotations in place of the usual prose and verbiage. As a result of such an economic use of space, vast amounts of knowledge on the definition, classification, management complications and various other aspects of diabetes have been condensed intoa surprisingly digestible pocketbook. Emerging perspectives on genetic counseling, the insulin gene and pancreatic transplantation are also incorporated. One outstanding feature of Diabetes Guide is the provision of succinct practical recommendations for the solution of problemsthat arise during the daily care of patients with diabetes. The subjects covered under these recommendations range from insulin infuser pump problems, care of foot ulcers, food exchanges, travel and acute illness, insulin allergy and desensitization protocol, diabetic emergencies, pregnancy, surgery, hypoglycaemia, etc. Such breadth of coverage has been achieved without the usual price of increased bulk through the unique "non-Textual" approach. Diabetes Guide is designed to be a user-friendly, ready reference of vade mecum for practical tips and core information on various aspects of diabetes.

Spis treści

General Information.- Definition of Diabetes Mellitus.- Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Allied Categories of Glucose Intolerance.- Malnutrition-Related Diabetes Mellitus (Tropical Diabetes).- Prevalence of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Certain Populations, 1970-1980.- Incidence of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.- Characteristic Differences Between Insulin-Dependent and Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.- Diagnosis of Diabetes Based on Non-Standardized Blood Glucose Values.- Procedure for Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.- Diagnostic Values for Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.- Conditions and Syndromes Associated with Glucose Intolerance.- Endocrinopathies Associated with Glucose Intolerance.- Symptoms and Disorders Indicating Examination for Diabetes Mellitus.- History and Physical Examination of Diabetic Patients.- Self-Care.- Self-Monitoring.- Renal Threshold for Glucose.- Glycated Haemoglobin.- Non-enzymatic Glycation of Haemoglobin.- Fructosamine.- Estimation of the Endogenous Insulin Secretion Using the C-Peptide Concentration.- Clinical Application of the C-Peptide Assay.- Investigation of Long-Term Diabetic Patients.- Pancreatic Transplantation - Patient and Graft Functional Survival Rates at 1 Year, University of Minnesota (1984-1988).- Therapeutic Goals.- Diet.- Energy Requirements.- Protein, Fat, Carbohydrate and Energy Content of Some Common Food Items.- Recommended Carbohydrate, Protein and Fat Contents of a Diabetic Diet.- Recommended Amounts of Absorbable and Non-absorbable Carbohydrates in the Diabetic Diet.- Characteristics of a High-Fibre Diet.- Alcoholic Beverages.- Artificial Sweeteners.- Energy Requirements During Various Activities.- Slimming Advice.- Body Mass Index.- Glycaemic Index.- Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.- Biochemistry of Insulin Deficiency.- Physiology of Insulin Deficiency.- Structure of Human Insulin.- Structure of the Insulin Gene.- Risk Factors.- Main Types of Insulin.- Insulin Treatment Regimens (One or Two Doses).- Sliding Scale of Insulin Required to Correct Severe Malregulation.- Insulin Treatment at Home During Fever Periods.- Factors Influencing Insulin Absorption and Bioavailability.- Conversion from Picomoles to Nanograms to Units of Human Insulin, C-Peptide and Proinsulin.- Clinical Syndromes Associated with Altered Insulin Receptor Function.- Causes of Insulin Resistance.- Durability and Storage of Insulin.- Indications and Contraindications for Insulin Infuser Treatment.- Management of Practical Insulin Infuser Problems.- Management of Insulin Infusion During Periods of Fever and other Acute Episodes.- Diabetes in Childhood.- Allergic Reactions to Insulin.- Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic Non-ketotic Coma and Lactic Acidosis.- Clinical Features of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA).- Investigation and Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis.- Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults (Over 15 Years).- Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children (Under 15 Years).- Calculation of Potassium Deficit, Plasma Osmolarity, pH and Anion Gap.- Corrected Sodium.- Hazards of Severe Acidaemia and Alkali Therapy.- Biochemical Deficits in Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis.- Treatment of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic Non-ketotic Coma (HHNC).- Comparison of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic Non-ketotic Coma (HHNC) and Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA).- Lactic Acidosis.- Commonly Used Solutions for Parenteral Infusion.- Acute Diabetic Emergencies.- Hypoglycaemia.- Aetiology.- Differential Diagnosis of Hypoglycaemia with Hyperinsulinaemia.- Symptoms.- Causes of Hypoglycaemia in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.- Approach to Patients.- Treatment.- Adverse Effects.- Surgery in Diabetic Patients.- Management of Adult Diabetic Patients (Over 12 Years) During Surgery.- Management of Diabetic Children (Under 12 Years) During Surgery.- Pregnancy in Diabetic Patients.- White’s Classification (Slightly Modified) of Maternal and Neonatal Risk.- Evaluation of the Foetoplacental Unit During Pregnancy.- Congenital Malformations in Infants of Diabetic Mothers.- Clinical Disorders in Infants of Diabetic Mothers.- Prognostically Bad Signs During Pregnancy.- Recommendations for Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.- High-Risk Patients.- Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.- Risk Factors.- Treatment Flow Scheme.- Clinical Pharmacology of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs.- Side-Effects of Sulphonylureas and Biguanides.- Interactions of Sulphonylurea.- Contraindications for Sulphonylurea Treatment.- Mechanism of Action of Sulphonylureas.- Diabetic Foot Syndrome.- Classification of Foot Ulcers.- Other Foot Problems.- Prevention of Foot Ulcers.- Role of Surgery in Foot Ulcers.- Clinical Characteristics of Ischaemic and Neuropathic Foot Ulcers.- Treatment of Infected Foot Ulcers and Osteitis.- Indications for Peripheral Vascular Surgery.- Chance of Healing (%) after Amputation in Relation to Pre-operative Distal Blood Pressure and Skin Perfusion Pressure.- Diabetic Macrovascular Disease Risk Factors.- Diabetic Nephropathy.- Some Definitions.- Follow-Up of Patients.- Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection.- Indications for Dialysis or Kidney Transplantation.- Available Uraemic Therapies.- Preparing Diabetics for Uraemic Therapy.- Conditions Affecting the Kidney in Diabetes.- Diabetic Neuropathy.- Classification.- Test for Autonomic Neuropathy.- Treatment Protocol for Pain Relief.- Diabetic Eye Disease.- Occular Manifestations of Diabetes.- Diabetic Retinopathy.- Foliow-Up of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy.- Indications for Consideration of Vitrectomy.- Referral to an Institute for the Blind.- Hyperlipidaemia in Diabetes Mellitus.- Recommendation for Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels.- Probable Sites of Action of Lipid-Lowering Drugs.- Approach to Diagnosis of Lipid Disorders.- Decision Process in Treatment of Lipid Disorders.- Types of Lipid/Lipoprotein Disorders.- Drugs Used in the Treatment of Lipid/Lipoprotein Disorders.- Prognosis and Cause of Death in Diabetic Patients.- Incidence of Complications After 40-50 Years with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.- Cause of Death in Diabetics.- Genetics of Diabetes.- Diabetes and HLA.- Risks for Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.- Genetic Counselling.- Diabetes Identity Cards.

O autorze

The Diabetes Guide presents ready tips on the current state of knowledge in clinical diabetology and provides pratical recommendations for solving acute problems. By adopting a unique, "non-textual" approach, vast amounts of useful information have been compressed into the readily digestible tables, flowsheets, diagrams, curves, annotations and cryptic summaries that are embodied in this deceptively small pocketbook.