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Before the last quarter of the eighteenth century there was a remarkably uniform pattern of church-state relationships across Europe. In the course of the nineteenth century this firm alliance broke down. Religious pluralism developed everywhere, requiring church and state to reach fresh solutions.

Political and Legal Perspectives highlights the impact of political change, or "democratization," on religious reform in Northern Europe. Competing political parties expressed contrasting views about whether the state should be neutral or whether it should give particular support...

The aspirations of democracy and the requirements of diplomacy have always coexisted uneasily. The politicians discussed in this book, in particular the appreciation of the careers of John Bright and James Bryce, reflect obliquely or directly on the problems of politicians who seek the 'high moral ground' either in domestic or international politics. There is also a discussion of the relationship between politicians and the press, as well as of the difficult link between cultural and political assumptions on the one hand and the facts of economic performance on the other.

Britain has played a crucial role in the political evolution of modern Europe, yet it has often been ambivalent about involvement on "the continent": sometimes glad to be part of European civilization, but at other times insular and separate.

This book examines Britain's evolving role from the English and European viewpoints of politicians, diplomats, historians and travelers in the centuries since the French Revolution. It also reviews the foreign policy of the United Kingdom and its relations with European countries during its imperial domination of the global and in the aftermath....

These essays can all be said, in one way or another, to be concerned with the 'Identity of Britain' in the modern period. In the first group, the author considers how British historians have themselves reflected and shaped the national understanding of the British past. He discusses the implications of such debates for the present. Have we reached the end of British history in the age of European integration? In the second group, attention is concentrated on beliefs and values, ranging from aspects of Edwardian religion to the problems posed for the churches by the rise of Nazism. This...